Titanium

Metals -> Elements, Metallic

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

4.506 @ 20 °C

4.506 @25 °C

3287 °C

3287 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1668 °C

1668 °C

Titanium powder, dry is a gray lustrous powder. It can be easily ignited and burns with an intense flame. The very finely powdered material may be ignited by sparks.

Titanium powder, wetted with not less than 25% water appears as a gray lustrous sludge. Easily ignited when dry. Very finely powdered material may be ignited by sparks.

Titanium sponge granules appears as a white-colored solid. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Contact may severely irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. May ignite and burn with an intense flame if exposed to high temperatures or flame.

CBI; Large Crystals; Other Solid; Dry Powder

Dark gray lustrous metal; [Merck Index]

Brittle when cold, malleable when hot, ductile only when free of oxygen; combines with nitrogen @ 800 °C

Decomp steam @ 700-800 °C; attacked by acids only on heating; combines with oxygen @ red heat; specific heat: 5.98 cal/g-atom at 25 °C; oxidized by nitric acid

ATOMIC NUMBER: 22; ATOMIC RADIUS: 1.36 A; ORBITAL ELECTRONS: (AR) 3D2-4S2; IONIC CRYSTAL RADII: 0.90 A (+2); 0.68 A (+4); ELECTRONEGATIVITY (PAULING SCALE): 1.5

Reacts with fluorine @ 150 °C, with chlorine @ 300 °C, with bromine @ 360 °C, with iodine above 360 °C

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for TITANIUM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 808 reports by companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Danger

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

P210, P222, P231, P233, P235, P240, P241, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P407, P410, P413, and P420 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Titanium

Titanium is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Titanium are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 10-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15537

Titanium: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Spontaneously Combustible

Flammable Solid

Flammable Solid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

· Flammable/combustible material.

· May react violently or explosively on contact with water.

The dust may ignite spontaneously in air. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. Titanium can burn in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or air.

TITANIUM BURNS VIGOROUSLY IN FREE NITROGEN ABOVE 802 °C. ... @ RED HEAT, 704 °C, DECOMPOSES STEAM. HYDROGEN EVOLVED BURNS OR EXPLODES. ... MIXTURE OF TITANIUM POWDER WITH TRICHLOROETHYLENE OR WITH TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE WILL FLASH OR SPARK ON HEAVY IMPACT.

MOST FINELY DIVIDED FORMS OF TITANIUM ARE FLAMMABLE IN AIR. ... IGNITED WHEN GLASS CONTAINER OF POWDER WAS THROWN @ WALL WITH FORCE SUFFICIENT TO BREAK CONTAINER. POWDERED ... TITANIUM ... ALL REACT WITH BROMINE TRIFLUORIDE, PRODUCING INCANDESCENCE. TITANIUM BURNS IN CARBON DIOXIDE ABOVE 550 °C.

WHEN TITANIUM IS FRACTURED IN LIQUID FLUORINE ATMOSPHERE IT IGNITES. WITH CATALYSTS, TITANIUM HAS IGNITED IN GASEOUS FLUORINE @ -113 °F.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Oxides from metallic fires are a severe health hazard.

Not known to be an essential trace mineral in the diet; Titanium tetrachloride is a strong skin and respiratory tract irritant; Titanium carbide, hydride, nitride, and boride have shown slight fibrogenic activity in studies of experimental animals; Injection of titanium metal into rats has induced fibrosarcomas and lymphosarcomas; A 3-generation study of reproductive toxicity in rats showed some effects after chronic feeding; Titanium dioxide dust has generally been found not fibrogenic and not carcinogenic in epidemiological studies; There is sufficient evidence in animal studies that titanium dioxide is carcinogenic (IARC 2B); [Nordberg, p. 1287-94] See Titanium dioxide.

2546 135

1352 170

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

BERLIN M; US ENVIRON PROT AGENCY, OFF RES DEV, (REP) EPA; EPA-600/1-77-022, TOXICOL MET VOL 2; PB-268 324, 427 (1977). REVIEW OF TITANIUM TOXICOLOGY.

WHO; Environ Health Criteria: Titanium (1982)

Strong Reducing Agent

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

TITANIUM reacts violently with cupric oxide and lead oxide when heated. When titanium is heated with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium permanganate, an explosion occurs [Mellor 7:20. 1946-47]. The residue from the reaction of titanium with red fuming nitric acid exploded violently when the flask was touched [Allison 1969]. Liquid oxygen gives a detonable mixture when combined with powdered titanium, [Kirchenbaum 1956].

TITANIUM is a reducing agent. Powdering increases its reactivity. Wetting reduces the reactivity of the powder. Titanium reacts violently with cupric oxide and lead oxide when heated. When titanium is heated with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium permanganate, an explosion occurs [Mellor 7:20. 1946-47]. The residue from the reaction of titanium with red fuming nitric acid exploded violently when the flask was touched [Allison 1969]. Liquid oxygen gives a detonable mixture when combined with powdered titanium, [Kirchenbaum 1956].

TITANIUM reacts violently with cupric oxide and lead oxide when heated. When titanium is heated with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium permanganate, an explosion occurs [Mellor 7:20. 1946-47]. The residue from the reaction of titanium with red fuming nitric acid exploded violently when the flask was touched [Allison 1969]. Liquid oxygen gives a detonable mixture when combined with powdered titanium, [Kirchenbaum 1956].

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

ORDINARY EXTINGUISHERS ARE OFTEN INEFFECTIVE AGAINST TITANIUM FIRES. SUCH FIRES REQUIRE SPECIAL EXTINGUISHERS DESIGNED FOR METAL FIRES. IN AIRTIGHT ENCLOSURES TITANIUM FIRES CAN BE CONTROLLED BY THE USE OF ARGON OR HELIUM. TITANIUM, IN THE ABSENCE OF MOISTURE, BURNS SLOWLY, BUT EVOLVES MUCH HEAT.

DO NOT USE WATER OR CARBON DIOXIDE TO EXTINGUISH.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder. /Titanium powder, wetted/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder. /Titanium powder, dry/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

ADEQUATE VENTILATION & LUBRICATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED DURING SAWING, GRINDING & POLISHING OF TITANIUM METAL.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material wet. /Titanium powder, dry/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material wet. /Titanium powder, wetted/

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Titanium powder, dry; titanium powder, wetted/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

15 [mg/m3]

170 [mg/m3]

990 [mg/m3]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

WORKERS SHOULD ALSO WEAR PERSONAL & RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WHERE NECESSARY.

· DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.

· DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2.

... REPORT OF LUNG CHANGES IN ANIMALS EXPOSED FOR 5 MO TO TITANIUM COMBINED WITH CARBON. CHANGES WERE SAID TO RESEMBLE SILICOSIS, LESIONS NOT FOUND IN ANIMALS EXPOSED FOR SEVERAL YR TO DUST OF ... CARBOLOY WHICH CONTAINS TITANIUM CARBON CMPD ... .

/INVESTIGATOR/ ... STUDIED CASE OF CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE IN WORKER EXPOSED TO SEVERAL METALS ... TITANIUM WAS FOUND IN LUNG BIOPSY.

LACK OF TOXICITY ... BY CONTACT WITH SKIN & TISSUES HAS BEEN ... DEMONSTRATED BY ITS USE IN THERAPY OF SKIN DISORDERS & IN SURGICAL APPLIANCES.

Food is considered to be the principal source of titanium exposure for humans. The chemical and biological kinetics and metabolism of titanium are discussed. The only carcinogenic effects of titanium thus far reported have been the development of fibrosarcomas at the injection sites in exposed rats. There is no evidence that titanium is carcinogenic in humans. /It was concluded/ that the current extent of exposure to titanium of the general population does not pose a health risk.

DISKS OF TITANIUM METAL IMPLANTED IN MUSCLE OF DOGS & LEFT IN SITU FOR 7 MO WERE INERT; WOUND HEALED & METAL WAS ENCAPSULATED WITH FIBROUS TISSUE.

INHALATION /OF TITANIUM DUST/ HAS CAUSED ONLY SLIGHT LESIONS OF LUNG ... .

... INERTNESS & LACK OF RESPONSE IN BONE TISSUE HAS ... BEEN SHOWN BY RESULTS OF PLATING & FIXATION OF FRACTURES IN DOGS BY TITANIUM PLATES & SCREWS.

CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES WERE PERFORMED ON 50 RATS USING 6 MONTHLY INTRAMUSCULAR DOSES EACH CONTAINING 6 MG OF TITANIUM METAL POWDER SUSPENDED IN 0.2 ML OF TRIOCTANOIN. INCR RATES OF FIBROSARCOMAS & LYMPHOSARCOMAS WERE OBSERVED IN RATS, WHICH SURVIVED UP TO 820 DAYS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TITANIUM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

Titanium

PDF Document

2010

APPROX 3% OF ORAL DOSE OF TITANIUM IS ABSORBED. MAJORITY OF THAT ABSORBED IS EXCRETED IN URINE. NORMAL URINE CONCN HAS BEEN ESTIMATED @ 10 UG/L.

... CONCN OF 430, 1300 & 91 PPM IN ASHED LUNG TISSUE HAVE BEEN REPORTED ... NEWBORNS HAVE LITTLE TITANIUM. LUNG BURDENS TEND TO INCREASE WITH AGE.

... /INVESTIGATORS/ FOUND AMT /OF TITANIUM/ RANGING FROM 1.5-11 UG/100 G FRESH TISSUE ... IN ANIMALS & ... MAN. ... IN MAN, HIGHEST CONCN WAS PRESENT IN SPLEEN & ADRENALS (11 & 10 UG/100 G), FOLLOWED BY STRIATED MUSCLE (8.1 UG), LIVER ... (3.0 UG) & KIDNEYS ... (1.5 UG).

TITANIUM HAS ... BEEN FOUND IN INFANT KIDNEY & LUNG ... INDICATING A TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER.

Most ingested titanium is eliminated unabsorbed. In man, titanium is probably excreted with the urine at a rate of about 10 ug/l. However, high urinary losses of 0.41 and 0.46 mg/day (30-day mean), respectively, were reported in two adults ... . The mechanism of excretion and the possible amount of titanium excreted by the intestinal route are unknown.

Used in alloys for aerospace, marine, industrial, surgical, and food-handling metal products; Used in x-ray tube targets and ceramic-metal applications; [Hawley]

Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]

AS PROTECTIVE SURFACE ON MIXERS IN PULP-PAPER INDUSTRY; IN AIRCRAFT & MISSILES; IN ATOMIC REACTORS AS CASING FOR CONTROL WIRES

Titanium powder used in pyrotechnics and vacuum engineering.

MFR OF ELECTRODES & LAMP FILAMENTS; IN SURGICAL APPLIANCES

MFR WELDING RODS; IN PAINT MFR & DYE INDUSTRY

(1973) 3.76X10+9 G (METAL/ALLOY,SPONGE/SCRAP)

(1975) 8.50X10+9 GRAMS

(1985) 9.98X10+9 g

(1996) 528 metric tons; (1997) 976 metric tons; (1998) 348 metric tons; (1999) 807 metric tons; (2000) 1,900 metric tons /Titanium sponge metal/

(1972) 3.45X10+9 GRAMS (SPONGE)

(1975) 3.81X10+6 GRAMS (SPONGE)

(1985) 1.72X10+9 g

(1996) 10,100 metric tons; (1997) 16,100 metric tons; (1998) 10,900 metric tons; (1999) 6,000 metric tons; (2000) 7,800 metric tons /Titanium sponge metal/

2023: 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lb

(1972) 9.44X10+9 GRAMS (SPONGE)

(1975) 1.61X10+7 GRAMS (SPONGE)

(1985) 2.18X10+10 g

45% AS A METAL FOR MILITARY & SPACE USES; 35% AS A METAL FOR COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT USES; 20% AS A METAL FOR REACTION VESSELS, TITANIUM ANODES, HEAT EXCHANGER TUBING AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL USES (1973)

JET ENGINES AIRFRAMES, & SPACE AND MISSLE APPLICATIONS, 63%; CHEMICAL PROCESSING INDUSTRY, POWER GENERATION AND IN MARINE & ORDINANCE APPLICATIONS, 20%; STEEL AND OTHER ALLOYS, 17% (1985)

(2000) Aerospace applications (60%); armor, chemical processing, power generation, marine, medical, sporting goods, and other non aerospace applications (40%)

Reduction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium (Kroll process) or sodium (Hunter process) in an inert atmosphere of helium or argon. The titanium sponge is consolidated by melting.

Electrolysis of titanium tetrachloride in a bath of fused salts (alkali or alkaline-earth chorides).

Grades: technical (powder); commercially pure (sheets, bars, tubes, rods, wire and sponge); single crystals.

THERE ARE 5 ASTM TITANIUM ALLOYS: GRADE 2, 99.5% TITANIUM; GRADE 3, 99.2% TITANIUM; GRADE 4, 99.0% TITANIUM; GRADE 5, TITANIUM-6 ALUMINUM-4V; GRADE 6, TITANIUM-5 ALUMINUM-2.5 TIN

Machinery Manufacturing

Titanium: ACTIVE

Discovered by Gregor in 1789; investigated and named by Klaproth in 1795; isolated by Berzelius in 1825.

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM BEGAN IN 1948.