Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate

Cosmetic ingredients (Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Chelating; Anticaking; Buffering

Between 9,8 and 10,8 (1 % solution)

10.2 (1% SOLN)

2.45 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

2.534

Relative density (water = 1): 2.5

2.534 @25 °C

2.45

CRYSTALS

COLORLESS, TRANSPARENT CRYSTALS OR WHITE POWDER

White powder or granules.

7 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol

COLORLESS, MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS; INSOL IN AMMONIA /DECAHYDRATE/

INSOL IN ALCOHOL /DECAHYDRATE/

SOLUBILITY IN WATER: 3.16 G/100 ML @ 0 °C; 6.23 G/100 ML @ 20 °C; 8.14 G/100 ML @ 25 °C; 21.83 G/100 ML @ 60 °C; 30.04 G/100 ML @ 80 °C /DECAHYDRATE/

IN WATER: 2.61 G/100 ML @ 0 °C; 6.7 G/100 ML @ 25 °C; 42.2 G/100 ML @ 100 °C

Decomposes (NIOSH, 2024)

Decomposes

1810 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

988 °C

988 °C

993 °C

1810 °F

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

0 mmHg (approx)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 6.2% (95 of 1523) of reports.

Danger

H302 (51.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1523 reports by companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Chemical: Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt

Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 03-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14859

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): Tetrasodium pyrophosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled."

Residues of tetrasodium pyrophosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Tetrasodium pyrophosphate:

(General first aid procedures)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Residues of tetrasodium pyrophosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of dust and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 31 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: This chemical is a colorless, transparent crystals or white powder or granules. It is odorless; slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and ammonia. This chemical is used as a cleaning compound; oil well drilling; water treatment, cheese emulsification; as a general sequestering agent, to remove rust stains; as am ingredient of one fluid ink eradicators, in electrodeposition of metals. It is used in textile dyeing; scouring of wool; buffer; food additive; detergent builder; water softener and dispersant. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Alkaline and irritating. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are probable after ingestion. Medical reports of acute exposures show mild to moderate dermal and ocular responses. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate when added to the diets of rats in high concentrations it caused kidney damage. This chemical caused teratogenic effects in chicken embryos. Acute studies show that direct contact causes severe irritation and corneal injury in the rabbit eye and that it may be irritating to skin. This chemical can be considered moderately toxic on ingestion, inducing metabolic acidosis, and hypocalcemia.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; dermatitis

ALKALINE AND IRRITATING. NAUSEA, VOMITING AND DIARRHEA ARE PROBABLE AFTER INGESTION.

Medical reports of acute exposures ... show mild to moderate dermal and ocular responses.

WHEN TSPP WAS ADDED TO THE DIET OF RATS FOR A PERIOD OF 6 MONTHS, MAXIMUM LEVEL TOLERATED EXCEEDED 1.8%, BUT WAS LESS THAN 3.0%. EXCESS PHOSPHATE CAUSED KIDNEY DAMAGE. /FROM TABLE/

WHEN TSPP WAS ADDED TO THE DIET OF RATS FOR A PERIOD OF 16 WK, MAXIMUM LEVEL TOLERATED WAS LESS THAN 1%. EXCESS PHOSPHATE CAUSED KIDNEY DAMAGE. /FROM TABLE/

SIGNIFICANT TOXICITY WAS PRODUCED IN DEVELOPING CHICKEN EMBRYOS UNDER ALL TEST CONDITIONS; YOLK TREATMENT (0.125-5 MG/EGG) @ 0 HR RESULTED IN ONLY 1 BIRD WITH SERIOUS ANOMALY (ECTOPIA CARDIS). TREATMENTS RESULTED IN MANY BIRDS WITH SEVERE & USUALLY MULTIPLE TERATA.

Acute studies show that direct contact causes severe irritation and corneal injury in the rabbit eye and that it may be irritating to skin.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1

PPRTV Current

4

PPRTV Current

7.80e+04

1.20e+06

2.00e+04

1.5E+01(G)

1.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+05

3.50e+06

6.00e+04

1.5E+01 (G)

1.00e+00

Volatile

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): Tetrasodium pyrophosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled."

Residues of tetrasodium pyrophosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

ARSONIC ACID HERBICIDES ARE NOT GROWTH REGULATORS IN SENSE OF PLANT HORMONES. THEY ... ACT THROUGH ENZYME SYSTEMS TO INHIBIT GROWTH. THEY KILL ... SLOWLY; FIRST SYMPTOMS ARE ... CHLOROSIS, CESSATION OF GROWTH, & GRADUAL YELLOWING, THEN BROWNING FOLLOWED BY DEHYDRATION & DEATH. /ORGANOARSENICAL HERBICIDES/

CIR ingredient: Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate

Used as a water softener, detergent, emulsifying agent, metal cleaner, and nutritional supplement; [ACGIH]

Acid and Alkali Cleaning of Metals [Category: Clean]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled."

IN CLEANING CMPD, OIL-WELL DRILLING, WATER TREATMENT, CHEESE EMULSIFICATION; AS GENERAL SEQUESTERING AGENT, TO REMOVE RUST STAINS; AS INGREDIENT OF ONE-FLUID INK ERADICATORS, IN ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS

TEXTILE DYEING; SCOURING OF WOOL; BUFFER; SEQUESTRANT; NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT; FOOD ADDITIVE

(1972) No Data

(1975) No Data

(1972) No Data

(1975) No Data

2023: 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lb

(1972) 4.21X10+10 GRAMS

(1975) 3.1X10+10 GRAMS

65-69% USED IN INDUSTRIAL & INSTITUTIONAL DETERGENT BUILDERS & WATER TREATMENT APPLICATIONS; 13-15% USED IN CLAY PROCESSING; 3-5% IN FOOD & ALLIED PRODUCTS (OTHER THAN DAIRY); 1% IN DAIRY & ALLIED PRODUCTS; 13% IN MISC APPLICATIONS INCLUDING HOME LAUNDRY DETERGENTS, TEXTILES, ELASTOMERS, IN PAPER PROCESSING(1973)

REACTION OF FURNACE-GRADE PHOSPHORIC ACID WITH SODIUM CARBONATE TO FORM DISODIUM PHOSPHATE WHICH IS IN TURN HEATED TO 450 DEGREES CENTIGRADE, FORMING TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE

PRODUCED BY MOLECULAR DEHYDRATION OF DIBASIC SODIUM PHOSPHATE @ 500 °C: BELL, INORG SYN 3, 98 (1950).

By fusing sodium phosphate, dibasic

TSPP IS USED IN VANILLA INSTANT PUDDING-MIX AT LEVELS OF 2.8 G/113.4 G OF MIX 2.8 G/127.6 G OF CHOCOLATE MIX. PATENT 2,607,692. /FROM TABLE/

CURAFOS USED IN.../MICROBIOLOGICAL INHIBITORY/ EXPERIMENTS CONTAINED 15% TSPP, 70% STPP, AND 15% SHMP; FIBRISOL CONTAINED 25% SAPP, 15% TSPP, 10% SHMP, AND 50% NACL. /PHOSPHATES/

TSPP IS USED IN VANILLA INSTANT PUDDING-MIX AT LEVELS OF 1.5 G/92.3 G OF MIX & 1.5 G/113.8 G OF CHOCOLATE MIX. PATENT 2,801,924. TSPP IS USED IN UNFLAVORED INSTANT PUDDING-MIX AT 2.2 G/100.0 G OF MIX. PATENT 3,231,391. /FROM TABLE/

GRADES: PURE CRYSTALS; DRIED; FUSED; CP; FCC.

MANUFACTURERS: ...COMMERCIAL MIXTURES OF PHOSPHATES NORMALLY USED IN CURING MEAT PRODUCTS /ARE/ (CURAFOS AND FIBRISOL, MANUFACTURED BY JA BENCKISER)...

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Oxidants and Oxidant Stabilizers

Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues

Food additives

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; EMULSIFIER; SEQUESTRANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; EMULSIFIER; SEQUESTRANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; EMULSIFIER; SEQUESTRANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4): ACTIVE

.../COMPOUND IS/ NOW ALLOWED IN FROZEN DESSERTS AT LEVELS UP TO 0.2% /TO PREVENT CHURNING/.

...SEQUESTRANTS SUCH AS...PYROPHOSPHATE...WILL RETARD NITRIC OXIDE-HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION IN CURED MEATS BY CONTROLLING EFFECTS OF METAL IONS.

USED TO DECREASE AMT OF COOKED-OUT JUICES IN CURED HAMS AND PORK SHOULDER PICNICS, LOINS; CANNED HAMS &...CHOPPED HAM; BACON. /FROM TABLE/

USED TO PREVENT STAINING ON EXTERIOR OF VARIOUS CANNED GOODS DURING COOLING AND RETORT WATER TREATMENT. /FROM TABLE/