ルチン三水和物

解説ルチン毛細血管の抵抗力を高め、透過性の亢進(こうしん)を抑制する作用を示す代表的化合物である。毛細血管が弱くてもろいためにおこる出血性の病気の治療や予防に血管補強剤や止血剤として用いられ、また高血圧や脳出血、心悸(しんき)亢進や狭心症などにも用いられることがある。アメリカのFDA（食品医薬品局Food and Drug Administration）では無効とされているが、日本では血管壁に存在するヒアルロン酸を溶かしてその透過性を高めるヒアルロニダーゼの反応を阻止するとして、臨床的に用いられることがある。小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)

説明Rutin is widely found in nature and is almost contained in all of the Rutaceae and Sectaceae plants, especially abundant in Rutaceae, Rutaceae, Epacridaceae of leguminous, buckwheat of Polygonaceae, Eulali of Hypericum, Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada of Tetranychidae, and wild wutong leaves of thistle, which are also used as raw materials in rutin extraction. In addition, it also exists in the Ilex pubescens of Aquifoliaceae, Forsythia of Oleaceae, pagoda tree pod of Leguminosae, tobacco, jujube, apricots, flavedo, tomatoes, and other plants.At present, rutin in China mainly extracted from the Sophora japonica Linn of leguminous, which is listed in top grade of Shen Nong’s Classic Materia Medica. In addition, tartary buckwheat, which is rich in rutin and flavonoids, is native to India and now produced in China’s northwest, southwest, north, south, and other places.

来歴In the mid-1930s, Hungarian scientist Szent Gyorgy firstly separated the flavonoid mixture. After the German pharmacy firstly made it into ranosine in 1942, the concept of vitamin P has been established worldwide. Further study proved that rutin was the most important flavonoids of vitamin P. These compounds were certified to have effects on many diseases in medical.Recently, the research of rutin mainly focuses on the extraction process improvement, pharmacological effects, and pharmacodynamics research, aiming at improvement of its bioavailability through the development of different dosage forms. As for the extraction process, new extraction and purification methods have been developed since the original alkali extraction acid precipitation method. These methods greatly improve its extraction efficiency and reduce cost, including hot water precipitation, hot water extraction with macroporous resin adsorbing purification, ultrasonic radiation, hot water extraction with alcohol precipitation, cold alkali percolation extraction with acid precipitation, continuous reflux extraction, ethanol extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis .In recent years, advanced rutin dosage forms, such as rutin cyclodextrin saturation, HPMC controlled release tablets, solid dispersion tablets, coprecipitate, and rutin effervescent particles, greatly improve the rutin dissolution rate and its bioavailability.

使用Found in many plants, especially the buckwheat plant. Identity with Ilixanthin. Capillary protectant. Rutin is colored brown by tobacco enzyme under experimental conditions.

純化方法The vitamin crystallises from MeOH or water/EtOH, dry it in air, then dry it further for several hours at 110o or in high vacuum at 120o. It forms yellow crystals from EtOH/Me2CO/H2O (2:1:1). It has also been purified by passing (0.5g) through a Kieselgel column (30 x 5cm) with EtOAc/MeOH/H2O (100:20:15), and after 750mL have passed through, the yellow fraction of 250mL gives the glycoside (0.3g) on evaporation. [H.rhammer et al. Chem Ber 101 1183 1968, Marini-Bettòlo Gazz Chim Ital 80 631 1950, Beilstein 18/5 V 519.]