炭化ケイ素

Silicon carbide

HCID 9863CAS 409-21-2

基本情報

標準SMILES
[C-]#[Si+]
InChIKey
HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
分子式
CSi
平均分子量
40.096 g/mol
単同位体質量
39.97692653

概要

Silicon carbide appears as yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700 °C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron.

名称と識別子

優先名称
Silicon carbide
IUPAC
methanidylidynesilanylium
現地名
炭化ケイ素
英語名
Silicon carbide
分子式
CSi
分子量
40.1

名称と別名

SILICON CARBIDE409-21-2CarborundumSilicon monocarbideCrystarBetarundumCarborundeumTokawhiskerCarbolonNicalonSilundumSilicon carbide (SiC)
名称をさらに表示
カルボロンシルンズム炭化けい素シリコンカーバイドシルンデュムカーボランダム炭化けい素(IV)(粉末)炭化けい素 #16炭化けい素 #600カーボランダム 100MESHカーボランダム 280MESHカーボランダム 400MESHカーボランダム 800MESH炭化けい素(Β型)、50NM炭化けい素(Β型), -0.4ΜM炭化シリコン, -100MESH炭化けい素 (>90% beta phase), 0.1-1.2 microns (99%-Si)炭化けい素 whiskers, 99% (metals basis)炭化けい素, 99% (metals basis)炭化けい素, alpha-phase, 99.8% (metals basis)SiCBLACK SILICON CARBIDEnanopowderSimaxcarboniteBOILING CHIPSSilicon carbidSILICON CARBIDE BLACKua1
Carbon silicideGreen densicCarbofrax MBetarundum UFAnnanox CKBetarundum ST-SCrystolon 37Crystolon 39

データベース識別子

CAS
409-21-2
PubChem CID
9863
DTXSID
DTXSID5052751
ChEBI
CHEBI:29390
EC Number
206-991-8
Nikkaji
J1.627.380E

物性

構造計算による物性

極性表面積
0 Ų
水素結合供与体数
0
水素結合受容体数
1
回転可能結合数
0
重原子数
2

実験および物理化学的性質

Chemical ClassesMineral Dusts -> Other Mineral Dusts
SpringerMaterials Propertiesvalence band parameter
Density · 6 件

3.23 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

3.23

3.2 g/cm³

3.23

3.16 @25 °C

3.23

Color/Form · 3 件

EXCEEDINGLY HARD, GREEN TO BLUISH-BLACK, IRIDESCENT, SHARP CRYSTALS

HEXAGONAL OR CUBIC

Yellow to green to bluish black, iridescent crystals.

Solubility · 5 件

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

INSOL IN COLD WATER, HOT WATER, & ACID; SOL IN FUSED POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

INSOL IN ALCOHOL; SOL IN MOLTEN IRON

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

Boiling Point · 3 件

Sublimes (NIOSH, 2024)

sublimes

Sublimes

物理化学的性質

融点
2700 °C · 2700 °C (lit.)
比重(密度)
3.22 g/mL · 3.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
屈折率
2.65 · 2.6500
溶解性
溶融水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、溶融鉄に可溶。
外見
ナノパウダー
色
緑
化学的性質 · 3 件

化学的特性シリコンカーバイドSiCは天然に存在する極めて稀な鉱物であるモアッサン石から初めて発見されましたSiCはシリコンと炭素の化合物でありその結晶構造はダイヤモンドに似ているため非常に硬く高い熱伝導性を持っていますこの特性によりシリコンカーバイドは研磨材や耐熱材としてまた半導体の部材としても用いられています

化学的特性Silicon carbide is a yellow to green to bluishblack, iridescent crystalline substance. Colorless when pure.

化学性质高温安定性,耐酸化性,半導体特性

安全と法規制

GHS分類

GHS Classification · 6 件

Danger

H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 70.3% (740 of 1053) of all reports.

Danger

H350i (16.6%): May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

危険有害性情報

Regulatory Information · 6 件

Chemical: Silicon carbide (SiC)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Silicon carbide (SiC) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Silicon carbide (SiC) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 08-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15540

Silicon carbide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Silicon carbide (SiC): Environment tier I assessment
Fire HazardsNot combustible.
Fire PotentialNONCOMBUSTIBLE
Health HazardsExcerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Silicon carbide:
Hazards Summary · 1 件

Production workers loading and unloading furnaces are exposed to carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, crystalline silica, and fibrous and nonfibrous silicon carbide particles. [Rom, p. 534-5] Workers in production and manufacturing, e.g., abrasive products industry, are exposed to varying quantities of fibers (or whiskers) that have dimensions similar to amphibole asbestos fibers. Nonfibrous particles have low to very low toxic effects on lung tissue. Silicon carbide fibers, on the other hand, can cause lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and possibly mesothelioma. Silicon carbide fibers should be counted and controlled in the same manner as asbestos fibers. [ACGIH] Occupational exposures associated with the Acheson process are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Fibrous silicon carbide is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). Silicon carbide whiskers are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). [IARC Vol. 111] See the agent, Acheson process, occupational exposure.

安全と保護具

Fire FightingIn case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
First Aid Measures · 2 件

Fresh air, rest.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

First Aid · 2 件

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Silicon carbide:

(General first aid procedures)

Exposure Control and Personal Protection · 1 件

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Cleanup MethodsWASTE SOLN CONTAINING HEAVY METALS & SILICON CARBIDE FROM METAL PLATING ARE MIXED WITH NONIONIC MATERIALS SUCH AS DIATOMACEOUS EARTH & A FLOCCULANT TO PPT SI CARBIDE. SUPERNATANT LIQ AFTER REMOVING PPT IS SAND-FILTERED & ION-EXCHANGED.
Spillage DisposalPersonal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

毒性情報

Target OrgansEyes, skin, respiratory system
Adverse EffectsFibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).
Exposure Routesinhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Signs and Symptoms · 3 件

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; cough

Human Toxicity Excerpts · 5 件

SLIGHT RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES /OCCURRED/ IN 10 OF 32 WORKERS EXPOSED ... TO SILICON CARBIDE. MOST ... HAD WORKED FOR 15 YR OR MORE IN DUSTY ATMOSPHERES WITH AVG DUST COUNT OF 1200 PARTICLES/CC (34 MPPCF) & AVG PARTICLE DIAMETER OF 1 MICRON. ALL CASES WERE TUBERCULIN POS. THOSE PRESENTING PULMONARY CHANGES HAD ... SLIGHT RESP SYMPTOMS.

ACUTE LOCAL: INHALATION 1; IRRITANT 1. CHRONIC LOCAL: INHALATION 1. 1= SLIGHT: CAUSES READILY REVERSIBLE CHANGES WHICH DISAPPEAR AFTER END OF EXPOSURE.

Nuisance particulate (accumulation in lungs).

Silicon carbide can alter the course of inhalation tuberculosis leading to extensive fibrosis and progressive disease.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SILICON CARBIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Carcinogen Classification · 5 件

Silicon carbide whiskers

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 111: (2017) Some Nanomaterials and Some Fibres

2017

2014

安全データ

OEB
B
OEL
TWA: 10 mg/m3 (total)
wgk
3
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
VW0450000
hs_code
28492000

化学と産業

薬理情報

MeSH Pharmacological ClassificationSynthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

用途と製造

Uses · 5 件

Used as an abrasive and refractory material; Produced in furnaces containing petroleum coke and crystalline silica at a temperature of >2200 degrees C for 36 hours; [ACGIH]

Abrasive Blasting [Category: Clean]

Polishing glass, granite; smoothing bisque ware; in sharpening stones; abrasive;manufacture /of/ porcelain, "emery" paper and wheels, shoe soles, refractory brick, furnace linings; antiskid pavements; in semiconductor technology.

COMPONENT OF TREADS & BRAKE LININGS; COMPONENT OF HEATING ELEMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL FURNACES; FIBERS IN MATERIALS TO RESIST HIGH RE-ENTRY TEMPS & ROCKET NOZZLE COMPOSITES; COMPONENT OF THERMISTORS & VARISTORS; STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN NUCLEAR REACTORS; DEOXIDANT IN FERROUS METALLURGY.

Abrasive for cutting and grinding metals, grinding wheels, refractory in non-ferrous metallurgy, ceramic industry and boiler furnaces, composite tubes for steam reforming operations. Fibrous form used in filament-wound structures and heat-resistant, high-strength composites.

U.S. Exports · 2 件

(1972) 4.5X10+9 GRAMS

(1975) 5.79X10+8 GRAMS

U.S. Imports · 2 件

(1972) 9.7X10+10 GRAMS (CRUDE & REFINED)

(1975) 7.73X10+10 GRAMS (CRUDE)

U.S. Production · 3 件

2023: 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lb

(1972) 1.49X10+11 GRAMS (CRUDE)

(1975) 1.22X10+11 GRAMS (CRUDE)

Consumer UsesOther
Industry UsesAlloys
応用分野 · 7 件

解説純粋なものは無色の結晶。通常は褐色ないし黒色。きわめて硬く(硬度9以上),酸に侵されず,高温でも他と反応しにくい。ケイ砂とコークスとを約2000℃で反応させてつくる。炭化ケイ素は,ダイヤモンドに次ぐ硬さと高融点をもち,薬品に侵されにくく,熱,電気はややよく伝える。これらの特性のため,砥石材料,研磨材,化学工業用ライナ (被覆材) ,耐熱ライナ,電気炉の抵抗発熱体などにつくられる。原料は粉状なので,砥石では熱硬化性樹脂などで成形し,高温用には焼結成形する。

用途ガラス研磨剤、研磨布、砥石、耐火レンガ

用途おもに研削材で、トイシ、研摩布、ラップにも用い、特殊耐火物、化学反応容器や抵抗体、非直線性抵抗体として避雷器などに用いられ、高温でも使用できる整流器やトランジスターとしての用途も研究されている。

説明Silicon carbide is a hard covalently bonded material predominantly produced by the carbothermal reduction of silica. Silicon carbide is made by heating silica sand and petroleum coke packed around electrodes in an electric resistance furnace to above 2200°C. Depending on the exact reaction conditions the resulting silicon carbide is either a fine powder or a bonded mass that requires crushing and milling to produce a usable feedstock. This material is very resistant to abrasion and to corrosion with a molten slag. It also has excellent resistance to thermal spalling. However as it is a carbide, it will oxidise readily, silicon carbide has a fairly high conductivity. Several hundred structures of silicon carbide (polytypes) have been identified which have different stacking arrangements for the silicon and carbon atoms. The simplest structure is a diamond structure which is designated /3-SiC. Other structures are either hexagonal or rhombic and are referred to as a-SiC.

使用Silicon carbide is widely used as an abrasive in grinding and cutting glasses; in polishing glass and sharpening stones. It is used in the manufacture of porcelain, refractory brick, furnace linings, and emery paper. The compound also is used in semiconductor technology.

一般的な説明Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700°C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron.

使用用途シリコンカーバイドの特徴として、高硬度、耐摩耗性、高熱伝導性、耐食性などが挙げられます。、シャフトなどの摺動部品だけでなく、分級機などの部品に加えて、高温試験機、金属溶融用のるつぼのような耐熱部品に利用可能です。 また、近年は電源の変換効率が従来の半導体より高いパワー半導体 (SiCパワー半導体) の材料として注目されています。SiCパワー半導体は、HEV (ハイブリッド車) にも使用されています。

調製方法 · 4 件

Silicon carbide, also known by the trade name Carborundum, has been manufactured and used as an abrasive material for more than a century. It combines desirable properties of hardness and thermal resistance. It is produced by heating high-grade silica sand with finely ground carbon at 2400°C in an electric furnace. In its powdered or granular form, it has been used as the abrasive material in “paper and wheels.” It is used as an abrasive in sandblasting and engraving. It has been incorporated into ceramics and glass and especially into refractory ceramic materials.

SiC was synthesized at the end of the 18th century with the name carborundum, and it was used as abrasive. In 1920 in Russia, O.V. Losev discovered two types of SiC from electro-luminescence and named them Type I and Type II. The electro-luminescence of Type I is greenish blue colored and that of Type II changes from orange to violet via yellow and green as the voltage increases from 6 to 28 V. The pure crystal is nominally obtained as 6H (a-II) SiC and the crystals with impurity are obtained as 15R and 4H. a-SiC (6H, 15R) is mainly synthesized using the sublimation method by heating the mixture of coke and silica sands at 2000℃ in the electrical furnace. SiC is segregated by cooling after melting Si in the carbon crucible.

製造方法Silicon carbide is prepared by fusing a mixture of silica (sand) and carbon (coke) with some salt and saw dust in an electric arc furnace at 3000°C. SiO2(Sand)+3C(Coke)--(3000℃)--Sic+2CO Salt and saw dust is added to infuse air into the product so that it can be broken into pieces easily. The product obtained is first washed with strong acid followed by strong base to remove basic and acidic impurities respectively. Finally, it is washed with water.

合成方法アチソン法(電気抵抗炉法)

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補足説明 · 2 件

定義本品は、β型炭化ケイ素の微粉末である。

定義Bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in fused alkalies and molten iron. Excellent thermal conductivity, electrically conductive, resists oxida- tion at high temperatures. Noncombustible, a nui- sance particulate.

関連反応

17 件

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