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Yttrium

HCID 23993
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기본 정보개요이름 및 식별자물성안전 및 규제화학 및 산업관련 반응화합물 노트
부분 구조 검색유사 구조 찾기

기본 정보

CAS
13598-57-7
표준 SMILES
[Y]
InChIKey
VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
분자식
Y
평균 분자량
88.9058 g/mol
단동위원소 질량
88.9058483

개요

Soft silvery-white metal in bulk. Dark-gray to black odorless powder. Mp: 1509 °C; bp 2927 °C. Density: 4.47 g cm-3 at 20 °C. May irritate the respiratory tract if inhaled as a powder. May irritate the digestive tract if swallowed. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.

이름 및 식별자

우선 이름
Yttrium
IUPAC
yttrium
영어명
Yttrium
분자식
Y
분자량
0

이름 및 동의어

YTTRIUM7440-65-5Yttrium, elementalYttrium elementYttrium metalDTXSID0049816CHEBI:3333158784XQC3YYttrium MetallicumYttrium and compoundsRefChem:56232DTXCID4029775
이름 더 보기
231-174-8YYttrium-89yttrium atomYTTRIUM IONytrioyttrium(2+)Yttrium foil

데이터베이스 식별자

CAS
13598-57-7、7440-65-5
PubChem CID
23993
DTXSID
DTXSID0049816
ChEMBL
CHEMBL4650626
ChEBI
CHEBI:49978
UNII
58784XQC3Y
EC Number
231-174-8
Nikkaji
J277.949H、J298.944A、J54.464G

물성

구조 계산 물성보충 중

극성 표면적
0 Ų
수소 결합 공여자 수
0
수소 결합 수용자 수
0
회전 가능 결합 수
0
무거운 원자 수
1
형식 전하
0
복잡도
0

실험 및 물리화학적 성질

Chemical ClassesMetals -> Rare Earth Metals
SpringerMaterials Propertieselectron density of states
OdorOdorless
Density · 5건

4.47 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

4.47 g/cu cm

4.47

4.47 @25 °C

4.47

Color/Form · 2건

Iron-gray, lustrous powder; darkens on exposure to light

Hexagonal, silvery-metallic colored element...gray-black when finely divided. Brittle...harder than zinc.

Solubility · 4건

Soluble in hot H2O (NIOSH, 2024)

Decomposes in water

Soluble in dilute acids and potassium hydroxide solution

Soluble in hot H2O

Boiling Point · 5건

5301 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

3345 °C

5301 °F

3345 °C @760 [mm Hg]

5301 °F

Melting Point · 6건

2732 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

1522 °C

1526 °C

2732 °F

1522 °C

2732 °F

Vapor Pressure

안전 및 규제

안전 정보는 참고용이며, 공급업체의 물질안전보건자료(SDS), 관련 법규 및 전문가 평가를 대체하지 않습니다.

GHS 분류

GHS Classification · 6건

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 56.8% (180 of 317) of all reports.

Danger

H228 (31.2%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

P210, P222, P231, P233, P240, P241, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 317 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

유해성 정보

Regulatory Information · 2건

Status: Active Update: 12-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22904

Yttrium, powder: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

DOT LabelFlammable Solid
Fire HazardsExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
Health HazardsExcerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Yttrium:
Hazards Summary · 1건

TLV Basis: pulmonary fibrosis in rats after single intratracheal administration of a very large dose; In animal studies, it is moderately toxic by the intraperitoneal route; A dose of 50 mg/kg caused hepatic necrosis. Workers producing yttrium europium vanadate phosphor and inhaling an average of 1.4 mg/m3 complained of irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; This effect was attributed to vanadium. [ACGIH] See the radionuclide, Yttrium-90. See RARE EARTH METALS and linked occupational diseases.

Reactive GroupMetals, Elemental and Powder, Active

화학 및 산업

용도 및 제조

Uses · 3건

Used in the nuclear industry and in the production of incandescent gas mantles, alloys of iron and other metals, high-temperature metal coatings, television screen phosphors, and YAG lasers; [ACGIH]

Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]

Yttrium is used ... in iron and other alloys, in incandescent gas mantles, as a deoxidizer for metals, in coatings of high temperature metals, in television screen phosphors, and in yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) lasers.

Methods of ManufacturingReduction of the fluoride with calcium.
Formulations/PreparationsGrade: Regular high purity (ingots, lumps, turnings), metallurgical, low-oxygen, crystal sponge, powder.
General Manufacturing Information · 3건

Yttrium: ACTIVE

Yttrium compounds and metal were imported from several sources in 2004; Yttrium compounds and metals were imported from China (85.4%), the Netherlands (7.74%), Japan (3.72%), Austria (1.41%), Belgium (1.08%), Hong Kong (0.42%), and the Republic of Korea (0.19%).

In general yttrium is found together with the lanthanides and occurs in minerals such as monazite, bastnasite, xenotime, yttrialite, gadonilite, yttriocrasite, and in complex minerals such as samarskite and euxenite. Monazite sand contains 3% Y and bastnasite about 0.2%. Xenotime (from Malaysia) contains about 60% Y. The most important sources of monazite sand are in Florida, Australia, India, Malaysia, and Brazil. The abundance of yttrium in the earth's crust is about 0.0028%.

관련 반응

20건
반응 기록 만들기
HRID 330056 반응식
HRID 330056반응물로uspto-grants-1990_01
HRID 704548 반응식
HRID 704548생성물로uspto-grants-1991_01
HRID 849433 반응식
HRID 849433반응물로uspto-grants-2000_01
HRID 981888 반응식
HRID 981888생성물로uspto-grants-1991_02
HRID 982461 반응식
HRID 982461반응물로uspto-grants-1991_02
HRID 982462 반응식
HRID 982462반응물로uspto-grants-1991_02
HRID 986375 반응식
HRID 986375반응물로uspto-grants-1987_12
HRID 1074127 반응식
HRID 1074127반응물로uspto-grants-1990_11
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화합물 노트

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새 노트새 반응견적 요청하기
· 4건

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

6.66X10-11 Pa at 1000 K; 2.96x10-7 Pa at 1200 K; 1.17x10-4 Pa at 1400 K; 1.02x10-2 Pa at 1600 K; 0.316 Pa at 1800 K; 4.27 Pa at 2000 K; 35.9 Pa at 2200 K

0 mmHg (approx)

0 mmHg (approx)

Physical Description · 5건

Soft silvery-white metal in bulk. Dark-gray to black odorless powder. Mp: 1509 °C; bp 2927 °C. Density: 4.47 g cm-3 at 20 °C. May irritate the respiratory tract if inhaled as a powder. May irritate the digestive tract if swallowed. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.

Dark-gray to black, odorless solid; [CAMEO] Some compounds, e.g., nitrates, are soluble in water; [ACGIH]

Solid

Dark-gray to black, odorless powder. Soft silvery-white metal in bulk.

Dark-gray to black, odorless solid.

Other Experimental Properties · 5건

Natural yttrium contains but one isotope, yttrium-89. Forty-three other unstable isotopes and isomers have been characterized.

Oxidizes on heating in air or oxygen; decomposes on cold water slowly, in boiling water rapidly.

Known only in the tripositive state

Heat of fusion = 11.43 kJ/mol; Heat of sublimation = 424.7 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, 0.0 kJ/mol (crystal); entropy at 298.15 K, 44.4 J/mol-K (crystal); Heat capacity, 26.5 J/mol-K (crystal); Standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, 421.3 kJ/mol (gas phase); Gibbs free energy of formation, 381.1 kJ/mol (gas phase); entropy at 298.15 K, 179.5 J/mol-K (gas phase); Heat capacity 25.9 J/mol-K (gas phase).

Reactivity Alerts
Strong Reducing Agent
Reactivity Profile · 1건

YTTRIUM in bulk is stable in air due to the formation of oxide films. Powder or dust is light-sensitive and air-sensitive and flammable in the air and (Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, p. 861 (1987)). Reacts with water to form gaseous hydrogen (H2). Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, and halogens. The products of these reactions are irritating and toxic.

Flammable LimitsNoncombustible Solid in bulk form.
Air and Water ReactionsAir sensitive. Light sensitive. Moisture sensitive.
NIOSH RecommendationsRecommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m
Hazard Classes and Categories · 2건

Flam. Sol. 2 (31.2%)

Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (lung)

안전 및 보호

Fire FightingExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
First Aid · 2건

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Yttrium:

(General first aid procedures)

Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
Respirator RecommendationsNIOSH/OSHA
Threshold Limit Values (TLV) · 2건

1.0 [mg/m3], as Y

1 mg/m³ [1986]

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) · 3건

1.0 [mg/m3], as Y

1 mg/m³

TWA 1 mg/m3 [*Note: The PEL also applies to other yttrium compounds (as Y).]

Protective Action Criteria (PAC) · 3건

3.0 [mg/m3]

83 [mg/m3]

500 [mg/m3]

Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) · 2건

1 mg/m³

TWA 1 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL also applies to other yttrium compounds (as Y).]

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) · 6건

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Yttrium:

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 5 mg/cu m: (APF = 5) Any quarter-mask respirator.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 10 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100. (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 25 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any powered air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for YTTRIUM, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) · 5건

500 mg Y/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [mg/m3]

500 mg/cu m

500 mg/m³

500 mg/m3 (as Y)

독성 정보

Target OrgansEyes, respiratory system, liver
Adverse EffectsOccupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Exposure Routesinhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Signs and Symptomsirritation eyes; In Animals: pulmonary irritation; eye injury; possible liver damage
Antidote and Emergency Treatment · 2건

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /"To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

안전 데이터

신호 어
Warning
유해·위험 문구
암호 유해·위험 문구 위험 등급 범주 신호 어 그림 문자 P- 코드 H228