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Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitrates and Nitrites

Reactive agents - 1st degree

2.5 at 64.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.5 @ 25 °C /Tetrahydrate/

MP= 42 °C; Density 1.82 /tetrahydrate/

2.50 g/cm³

2.36 @25 °C

Deliquescent granules

White, cubic crystals

White mass

Very sol in water; freely sol in methanol, ethanol, acetone; almost insol in concn nitric acid

SOL IN ANHYD AMMONIA; IN ALCOHOL 14 G/100 CC @ 15 °C

Soluble in acetone; insoluble in ethanol

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 121.2

WHEN HEATED TO INCANDESCENCE, CALCIUM NITRATE DECOMP INTO /NITROGEN OXIDE, CALCIUM OXIDE AND OXYGEN/.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitroxides.

1042 °F (USCG, 1999)

About 560 °C

560 °C

561 °C

Calcium nitrate appears as white to light gray granular solid. May be either the anhydrous compound or the tetrahydrate. Used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.

Other Solid; Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals; Liquid; Dry Powder; Liquid

White granules or crystals (tends to absorb water from air and become liquid);

COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

Calcium nitrate crystallizes also with 4 H2O (30.5%), Melting @ 45 °C /Tetrahydrate/

Evolves heat when dissolved in water; deliquescent

Hygroscopic

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (4 of 1286) of reports.

Danger

H272 (26.9%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1286 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

Chemical: Nitric acid, calcium salt

Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 14-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15487

Nitric acid, calcium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001318 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May give off toxic oxides of nitrogen when involved in fire.

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances.

Dust causes mild irritation of eyes. (USCG, 1999)

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

EYES or SKIN: flush with water and seek medical assistance. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PROCESSES EMPLOYING CALCIUM NITRATE SHOULD BE MECHANIZED TO GREATEST POSSIBLE EXTENT. EXHAUST VENTILATION SHOULD BE INSTALLED TO COLLECT AIRBORNE DUST ...

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)

Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Abdominal pain. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)

CALCIUM NITRATE APPLIED AT 0.001 MOLAR...IN ISOTONIC NACL.../TO EYE/ CAUSES NO DISCOMFORT OR DISTURBANCE OTHER THAN THAT IT CURDLES PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM IN MANNER SIMILAR TO EFFECT OF EXTREMES OF ACIDITY & ALKALINITY, PRESUMABLY BECAUSE OF ACTION OF CALCIUM ION ON LIPID LAYER.

CALCIUM NITRATE HAS AN IRRITATING & CAUTERIZING ACTION ON SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES.

CYANOSIS AMONG INFANTS WHO DRINK WELL WATER IS A FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF NITRATE TOXICITY. /NITRATE SALTS/

In pigs fed large amt of whey, addition of 40 g of calcium nitrate per 100 L of milk (the amt usually advocated to prevent fermentation in cheese-making) could lead to toxic effects if the whole of the nitrate were converted into nitrite, as might occur during a warm season after prolonged storage of the whey.

Calcium nitrate soln (0.5, 0.25 M), alone or in combination with sucrose, were toxic to stem and flower (carnation) tissue prior to freezing. Calcium nitrate alone offered no protection at -4 °C. Flowers pretreated with 0.125 M calcium nitrate appeared translucent or water-soaked after 5 days at -4 °C.

Acute toxicity of nitrogen fertilizers for Daphnia magna, Planaria tigrina, and Poecilia reticulata in experiments lasting 120 hr in water at pH 6.0-6.5 or 7.5-7.8 was studied. Calcium nitrate has relatively low toxicity for fish and aquatic animals.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137)

Used in explosives, fertilizers, matches, fireworks/signal flares, radio tubes, and diesel fuels (corrosion inhibitor); [Merck Index]

In explosives, fertilizers, matches, pyrotechnics; mfr of incandescent mantles, radio tubes, nitric acid; corrosion inhibitor in diesel fuels

... Powerful oxidizing agent.

Secondary macronutrient /in fertilizer/

Preparation: Gmelin's Calcium (8th ed) 28B, 59-69, 341-382 (1956).

CALCIUM NITRATE IS OBTAINED BY DISSOLVING LIMESTONE IN NITRIC ACID OR THROUGH ABSORPTION OF NITROUS GASES BY MILK OF LIME.

Currently is produced in large quantities as by-product from nitrophosphate manufacture

Technical flake usually contains 28.6% H2O.

Grade: technical, pure, CP, reagent.

Pure anhydrous salt contains 17.1% N & 24.4% Ca, and the fertilizer grade 15.5% N & 19.9% Ca

/Available as/ technical grade granule & solution grade

Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1): ACTIVE

Preharvest sprays of calcium nitrate reduced the physiological wt loss, completely checked rotting, incr the calcium content, and maintained pulp firmness and fruit quality of Flordasun peach during ambient storage up to 5 days. Calcium nitrate at 2.0% as a pre-harvest spray extended the shelf life in ambient storage of Flordasun peach fruits because of delayed onset of senescence.

The defoliating activity of cyanamide aq soln was incr when the soln contained the highly hygroscopic calcium nitrate.

By adding calcium nitrate to sewage or industrial wastewater, the formation of hydrogen sulfide is eliminated in discharge pipes and compensation basins as long as nitrate remains in the water. As a positive secondary effect, a BOD reduction corresponding to the amt of oxygen supplied by the nitrate is achieved. A considerable reduction of N by the denitrification process also occurs.

A composition containing calcium nitrate 3 g/gal, potassium nitrate 2 g/gal, and Epsom salts 0.8 g/gal induces plant hibernation.