브롬화수소

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Hydrogen bromide:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

2.0 [ppm]

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use flooding quantities of water. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors. /Hydrobromic acid solution/

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Separated from incompatible materials. ... Cool. Dry. Ventilation along the floor.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkalies, oxidizing materials, amines, halogens, and metals. /Hydrobromic acid solution/

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Remove gas with fine water spray.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. /Hydrobromic acid solution/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, ingestion (solution), skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is a colorless gas. It is utilized in the production of inorganic bromides and organic bromides, in reaction with alkynes to form bromoalkenes, opening epoxides and lactones, as a catalyst for oxidations, and in alkylations and condensations in organic chemistry. It is also used in analytical chemistry, and as a solvent for ore minerals. HUMAN STUDIES: Nose and throat irritation occurred in human subjects exposed to HBr for several minutes at concentrations of 3 ppm (1 of 6 subjects) and 4 ppm (3 of 6 subjects) respectively for several minutes. No effects were observed at 2 ppm, but detectable odor was noted at all exposure levels (2 to 6 ppm). No eye irritation was noted. The odor threshold is given as 6.667 mg/cu m and the irritating concentration as 10.00 mg/cu m. Concentrations of 0.13-0.2% are lethal. HBr is also corrosive to skin and mucous membranes and can cause severe burns. Exposure to high concentrations may result in dermatitis. Severe exposures result in pulmonary edema, and often laryngeal spasm. Ingestion causes burns of mouth and stomach. A 60-year-old laboratory technician developed pulmonary infiltrates consistent with chemical pneumonitis following accidental exposure to a mixture of hydrogen bromide and phosphorus tribromide. Two patients developed acute pneumonitis followed by reactive airways dysfunction syndrome after bathing in a hot tub. Bromine and hydrobromic acid generated from a widely used water disinfectant were implicated as the underlying cause. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats, tissue injury following nose-breathing exposure to HBr was confined to the nasal region. However, mouth-breathing exposure in rats caused higher mortality rates and major tissue disruption in the trachea, including epithelial, submucosal, glandular, and cartilage necrosis, and accumulations of inflammatory cells and exudates. More peripheral lung damage was manifested by lung gravimetric increases and histopathologic changes primarily in the larger conducting airways. HBr causes more severe burns to rat skin than hydrogen chloride or hydrogen iodide.

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE. Redness. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; solution: eye, skin burns; liquid: frostbite

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

Hydrogen bromide was not detected in emissions from combustion of mixed plastics with coal in a bubbling fluidized bed boiler(1). The compound is formed and released as a result of high heating of electronic circuit boards containing brominated flame retardants(2).

Airborne hydrogen bromide concentrations ranged from less than the detection limit (0.01 ppm) to 0.11 ppm in a monitoring study for airborne vapors during structural foam molding of ignition resistant high impact polystyrene. Hydrogen bromide gas is the primary decomposition product of concern from the flame retardant system(1).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Nose and throat irritation occurred in human subjects exposed to HBr for several minutes at concentrations of 3 ppm (1 of 6 subjects) and 4 ppm (3 of 6 subjects) respectively for several minutes. No effects were observed at 2 ppm, but detectable odor was noted at all exposure levels (2 to 6 ppm). No eye irritation was noted at all concentrations exposed. The odor threshold is given as 6.667 mg/cu m and the irritating concentration as 10.00 mg/cu m.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Highly toxic /gas/ ... Being severely irritating to upper resp tract. The ... /acid/ formed neutralizes the alkali of tissues and can cause death as a result of edema or spasm of larynx and inflammation of upper resp system. Concn of 0.13-0.2% are lethal ... In exposures lasting a few min.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /GAS/ ... Also corrosive to skin and mucous membranes and can cause severe burns. Exposure to high concn may ... Result in dermatitis. Contact with eyes rapidly causes severe irritation of eyes and eyelids.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of hydrogen bromide causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract, and a concentration of about 35 ppm causes irritation of the throat after short exposure. More severe exposures result in pulmonary edema, and often in laryngeal spasm.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Hydrogen bromide(anhydrous)

95.33

500

Weapons of Mass Effect chemical material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques.