피롤리딘

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Use foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

General First Aid:

Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 42(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.46(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of pyrrolidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as cations do not volatilize(SRC). Pyrrolidine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg(6). Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 42(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.46(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyrrolidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 11.31(4) indicates pyrrolidine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pyrrolidine, which has a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pyrrolidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Pyrrolidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Pyrrolidine was detected in 10 g samples of baked ham at 0.013 ppm(1). Pyrrolidine can be found in tilsiter, camembert, limburger, and brown bread cheeses at 19.9 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively(2). In coffee, pyrrolidine was detected in coffee extract and freeze dried coffee at 10 mg/kg and 11 mg/kg, respectively(3).

Pyrrolidine was detected in 10 g samples of spinach and miso at 0.250 ppm and 0.020 ppm, respectively(1). Pyrrolidine can be found in spinach, red radish, and celery at 2.5 mg/kg, 38 mg/kg, and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively(2). It can also be found in maize, apple peels, beans, kale, paprika red and cornichons at 3.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 1.6 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively(2). It is also found in barley, hops, and malt at 0.9 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively(2).

Burning sensation. Convulsions. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Vomiting.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Convulsions. Sore throat. Vomiting. See Inhalation.

The Koc of pyrrolidine is estimated as 42(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.46(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

FOUND IN TOBACCO & CARROT LEAVES. PROBABLE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM ORNITHINE & PUTRESCINE.

Pyrrolidine was detected in spinach(1,2) and miso(1). Pyrrolidine was also detected in red radish, celery, maize, apple peels, beans, kale, paprika red, cornichons, barley, hops, and malt(2).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: Burning sensation. Convulsions. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Vomiting. Skin: Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters. Eyes: Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns. Ingestion: Convulsions. Sore throat. Vomiting. (See Inhalation).

Used as an intermediate in chemical production and as a curing agent in epoxy resin systems; [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Intermediate for pharmaceuticals, fungicides, insecticides, rubber accelerators, citrus decay control, curing agent for epoxy resins, inhibitor.

Useful in tobacco flavors

Used in vulcanization accelerators.

Reported uses (ppm): (FEMA, 1994) [Table#361]

2023: 550,000 - <1,000,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#360]

Reaction of 1,4-butanediol and ammonia over a dehydration catalyst

Usually prepared by reduction of pyrrole.

Pyrrolidine can be produced from butanediol and ammonia, e.g., over an aluminum thorium oxide catalyst at 300 °C or over a nickel catalyst at 200 °C and 20 MPa under hydrogenation conditions. It can also be produced from tetrahydrofuran and ammonia over aluminum oxide at 275-375 °C.

Production can be obtained by reaction of 1,4-dihydroxyalkanes with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents at elevated temperatures or by reaction of primary amines with 1,4-dihaloalkanes. The dry distillation of 1,4-butanediamine dihydrochloride also generates pyrrolidine.

Via overall 5-endo-trig cyclizations of homoallylic tosylamides.

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Pyrrolidine: ACTIVE

A study of the rates of the competitive nitrosations of pyrrolidine, p-cresol & l-cysteine hydrochloride. Formation of n-nitrosopyrrolidine was observed only in reactions done @ 120 °C.