글루탈알데히드

log Kow = -0.33

-0.22

Pungent odor

Sweetish

1.062 to 1.124 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999)

0.72

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7

1.33 g/cm³

1.10

0.72 @25 °C

Colorless liquid

Oil

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water

Soluble in ethanol, benzene, ether

Miscible with ethanol

Solubility in water: miscible

Solubility in water: miscible

369 to 372 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

187-189 °C (decomposes)

Boiling point: 106-108 °C at 50 mm Hg, 71-72 °C at 10 mm Hg

188.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

101 °C

369-372 °

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

187-189 °C

less than 20 °F (USCG, 1999)

Freezing point: -14 °C

-14 °C

-14 °C

-33 °C

7 °F

3.4 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.05

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]；H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]；H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]；H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]；H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 2123) of reports.

Chemical: Pentanedial；Specific Information Requirement: Obligations to provide information apply. These obligations are:；1. If the assessment report about the chemical recommends secondary notification of the chemical in particular circumstances and any of the circumstances occur in relation to the introduction (importation or manufacture) of the chemical by a person, then the person introducing this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days that the circumstances have occurred.；2. A person who introduces this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days if they become aware of any of the following circumstances, namely, that since the assessment under the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989:；a. the function or use of the chemical has changed, or is likely to change, significantly;；b. the amount of the chemical being introduced has increased, or is likely to increase, significantly;；c. in the case of a chemical not manufactured, or proposed to be manufactured, in Australia at the time of the assessment—it has begun to be manufactured in Australia;；d. the method of manufacture of the chemical in Australia has changed, or is likely to change, in a way that may result in an increased risk of an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environment;；e. additional information has become available to the person as to an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environment.

Hazard Traits - Respiratory Toxicity；Authoritative List - EC Annex VI Resp. Sens. - Cat. 1; OEHHA RELs；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

Pentanedial is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Pentanedial are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 19-04-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1930；Status: Active Update: 24-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23371

Substance: glutaral；EC: 203-856-5；Date of inclusion: >08-Jul-2021；Reason for inclusion: Respiratory sensitising properties (Article 57(f) - human health)

Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment. For example, it is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, waste water treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials. It may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent.

Asthma reported in hospital endoscopy unit; [Malo] Allergic contact dermatitis in dental workers, housekeeping personnel, medical workers, and photographers; [Marks] A skin and respiratory tract irritant and sensitizer; [ICSC] May polymerize on contact with water; Glutaraldehyde solution causes severe irritation to the eyes and skin; [CAMEO] A severe skin and eye irritant; May cause skin sensitization and occupational asthma; Mice exposed to high concentrations develop signs of toxic hepatitis; [HSDB] May cause nose and throat irritation in hospital employees at vapor concentrations below 0.2 ppm; Contact dermatitis, eye irritation, skin sensitization, and occupational asthma have been reported in workers exposed to dilute solutions (generally 2% or greater); Dilute solutions cause skin (2%) and eye (0.2%) irritation in rabbits; [OECD SIDS: Glutaraldehyde] A follow-up study of physician reports of work-related asthma in 4 states over a 5 year period found that glutaraldehyde was implicated in 9% of the cases among health care workers. [ACGIH]

Microcapsules for flavoring substances. Microcapsules maybe safely used for encapsulating discrete particles of flavoring substances that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use or are regulated under this part, in accordance with the following conditions: ... Component: glutaraldehyde; Limitation: as cross-linking agent for insolubilizing a coacervate of gum arabic and gelatin.

Glutaraldehyde is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/25-34-42/43-50; S: (1/2)-26-36/37/39-45-61

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/25-34-42/43-50; S: (1/2)-26-36/37/39-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II

DHHS/NTP; NTP Technical Report on Toxicity Studies of Glutaraldehyde Administered by Inhalation to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. Toxicity Rpt Series No. 25 NIH Publication No. 93-3348 (1993)

Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Glutaral. J Am Coll Toxicol 15 (2): 98-139 (1996)[Available from, as of March 24, 2015: http://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients]

Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Glutaraldehyde in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice p.5 Technical Report Series No. 490 (1999) NIH Publication No. 99-3980 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for Glutaraldehyde, CAS 111-30-8 p.67 (October 1998). This OECD SIDS documents published by UNEP Chemicals to facilitate the access to information needed for health and environmental risk assessments of chemicals.[Available from, as of June 1, 2010: http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html]

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Glutaraldehyde, EPA 739-R-07-006 (September 2007). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of February 24, 2015: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Store only in original container. Well closed. Separated from food and feedstuffs, incompatible materials and amines. Separated from strong oxidizers and strong bases. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Keep in the dark.

Store only in original container. Well closed. Keep in the dark. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Glutaraldehyde itself does not burn ... Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alchohol foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature: -20 °C. Store under inert gas. Air sensitive.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong acids, caustics, ammonia, amines, oxidizers.

Accidental release measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Spill handling: evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations.It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your local or federal environmental protection agency for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.；STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should keep this material in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere, and store it at refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Fogging of poultry houses should only be done in such a way that the operator is outside the poultry house when applying the fog. A re-entry interval (REI) of 3 hours applies to all end-use product labels listing poultry house fogging as a use.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Glutaraldehyde (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dermal (Skin), Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Ocular (Eyes), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral 820 mg/kg for 14 days /50% glutaraldehyde/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral 2109 mg/kg for 28 days /14% glutaraldehyde/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) dietary > 5125 ppm for 8 days /50% glutaraldehyde/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) dietary >10,000 ppm for 8 days /50% glutaraldehyde/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Glutaraldehyde (47 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 5.1 to 500(2,3) indicate that glutaraldehyde is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of glutaraldehyde from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(2). Glutaraldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.6 mm Hg at 30 °C(4), and it has been reported that small amounts of glutaraldehyde will volatilize to the atmosphere(4). Results of biodegradation screening tests indicate that glutaraldehyde is readily biodegradable(2,3,5). A soil degradation study using a loamy sand soil and and initial glutaraldehyde concentration of 10 ppm observed a pseudo-first order dissipation half-life of 1.7 days due primarily to soil microorganisms(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 5.1 to 500(2,3) indicate that glutaraldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(2). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.33(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Results of biodegradation screening tests indicate that glutaraldehyde is readily biodegradable(2,3,7). In a closed bottle test using seawater as inoculum, glutaraldehyde showed 73% degradation in 28 days(2). At 25 °C, glutaraldehyde has measured hydrolysis half-lives of 508-628, 102-394 and 46-63.8 days at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 respectively(2,3). The measured half-life for the photolysis of sterile aqueous solutions of glutaraldehyde exposed to natural sunlight was 196 days(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), glutaraldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 0.6 mm Hg at 30 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase glutaraldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.52X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Aqueous solutions of glutaraldehyde have an observed photolysis half-life of 196 days when exposed to sunlight(4) suggesting that direct photolysis may occur in the ambient atmosphere(SRC).

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.；Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.；Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.；Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.；ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Based upon the animal and clinical data presented in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Glutaral is safe for use at concentrations up to 0.5% in rinse-off products. There is insufficient data to determine the safety of Glutaral in leave-on products. Glutaral should not be used in aerosolized products.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid. It is registered for pesticide use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. It is used as algaecide, bacteriocide and fungicide. Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in histology and electron and light microscopy, generally as a 1.5-6% aqueous solution. Glutaraldehyde is used, generally in conjunction with wetting agents, to control viruses and other micro-organisms in fish farming. Glutaraldehyde is allowed as a preservative in cosmetics in Europe at concentrations up to 0.1%. It is not allowed in aerosols and sprays. Glutaraldehyde is a biocide commonly used in a 2% concentration for cold sterilization of surgical and dental equipment. Biocides, such as glutaraldehyde, are added to eliminate bacterial growth in fracturing fluids. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Exposure to concentrations < 1 ppm by inhalation or skin contact may cause irritation of the skin and/or mucous membranes. The critical effects of glutaraldehyde exposure are eye, skin, and respiratory irritation, skin sensitization and occupational asthma. Nose and throat irritation has been observed in humans at vapor concentrations below 0.2 ppm. Occupational asthma has also been reported in workers exposed to dilute solutions of glutaraldehyde. Contact dermatitis and eye irritation have been reported in workers using glutaraldehyde solutions, usually 2% or higher. Skin sensitization has been confirmed in workers using dilute solutions. Other symptoms that may be brought on by glutaraldehyde exposure include heart palpitations and tachycardia. The incidence of death and incidence of cancer deaths in 186 male employees at a glutaraldehyde production unit were compared to those of US white males and to 29,000 other chemical workers during the period 1959 - 1978. All subjects were observed for 10 yr. The number of deaths was less

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The biocide glutaraldehyde (GA) is widely used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent against bacteria and virus in hospital and veterinary facilities. GA or its metabolites may reach aquatic ecosystems due to incomplete or inadequate treatment of wastewaters ... In this work, a battery of toxicity tests with primary producers, primary consumers and secondary consumers were performed and a species sensitive distribution (SSD) for GA was built. Moreover, effects on biomarkers (catalase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase, and cholinesterase) were measured in Danio rerio embryos and adults. Primary consumers (Thamnocephalus platyurus 24hr - EC50=3.6 mg/L; Daphnia magna 48 hr - EC50=6.6 mg/L) and D. rerio adults (96 hr - LC50=5.5 mg/L) were slightly more sensitive to GA than D. rerio embryos (96 hr - LC50=22.2 mg/L) and primary producers (Lemna minor 168 hr - EC50=73.8 mg/L; Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72hr - EC50=12.3 mg/L; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 72 hr - EC50=14.6 mg/L; Chlorella vulgaris 72 hr - EC50=31.3 mg/L). However, no significant differences between the trophic levels were found and general HC5 and HC50 values of 0.6 and 11.4 mg/L were respectively estimated. Despite the low GA toxicity to D. rerio embryos, hatching delay and malformations were found (96 hr - EC50=11.9 mg/L). For biomarkers, an inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in embryos whereas an inhibition in catalase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase activities was observed in adults. Thus, GA is moderately toxic (doses>1mg/L) to aquatic organisms, independently of the trophic level. However, considering the varied range of effects depending on the life stage and organism tested and relatively low HC5 value of 0.6 mg/L, mesocosm and chronic toxicity tests seem to be the next step in direction of more realistic scenarios of GA risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Glutaraldehyde (GA), an aliphatic dialdehyde disinfectant, and surfactants, one of the major components of detergents, are widely used in hospitals in order to eliminate pathogenic organisms causing nosocomial infectious diseases. After their use, disinfectants and surfactants reach the wastewater network together. The discharge of chemical compounds from hospital activities into wastewater is also a well-known problem, causing pollution of water resources and constituting an ecological risk for aquatic organisms. In this study, the chemistry and toxicology of GA and surfactant mixtures were reviewed in order to estimate their fate in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, their joint effects on aquatic organisms were experimentally assessed in the laboratory. A simple model of the additive joint action of toxicants was used to determine combined acute toxicity effects on the bacteria luminescence and Daphnia mobility of three mixtures containing GA at 1.5 x EC50 24 hr [in mg/L] on Daphnia and anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants at twice their critical micellar concentration (CMC). The mixture of GA and a cationic surfactant gave an EC50 30 min on Vibrio fischeri of 0.158%, with a concentration of 0.04 mg GA/L and 1.04 mg CTAB/L, which provided an additive action. The interaction between GA and an anionic surfactant on V. fischeri produced an antagonistic joint action with an EC50 30 min of 3.95%, containing 1.06 mg GA/L and 33.2 mg SDS/L. A synergistic action with an EC50 30 min of 8.4% on V. fischeri was observed for the mixture containing GA and a nonionic surfactant. Antagonistic interactions were observed for the joint action between GA and the surfactants studied on Daphnia. The mixture of GA and CTAB was more toxic (EC50 24 h=0.02%) than the two other mixtures (EC50 24 hr GA+SDS=6%; EC50 24 hr GA+TX 100=10%). This study provides new data on the toxicity of certain hospital pollutants entering the aquatic environment and detected in surface

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... To assess the potential for environmental impacts associated with glutaraldehyde, three standard chronic toxicity bioassays were performed: 96-hr phytoplankton growth bioassays using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly, Selenastrum capricornutum), three-brood reproduction bioassays using Ceriodaphnia dubia, and an embryo-larval bioassay using steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. For the green alga, P. subcapitata, significant decreases in growth were observed at glutaraldehyde concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/L. Embryos of O. mykiss demonstrated a similar sensitivity with exposures of 2.5 mg/L resulting in a 97% reduction in hatch rate. In most cases, this failure to hatch was due to the inability of the embryo to leave the chorion and not to early embryo mortality. In contrast, reproduction and mortality rates in C. dubia were not as sensitive to glutaraldehyde: decreased reproduction was detected at 4.9 mg/L (the lowest observed effect concentration), and is similar to concentrations causing acute mortality in adults (4.7 mg/L for the estimated LC(50), or 50% lethal concentration).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of glutaraldehyde, complexed with sodium bisulfite, dibasic ammonium phosphate (DAP) and sodium hydroxide at varying concentrations was also investigated in freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates and aquatic plants. Results of the freshwater fish studies indicate that deactivation with sodium bisulfite reduces the acute toxicity of glutaraldehyde to warmwater fish when compared to untreated glutaraldehyde. ... In freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna), acute toxicity of gluteraldehyde complexed with sodium bisulfite, sodium hydroxide, and DAP at varying concentrations was also reduced.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Glutaraldehyde (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cough. Sore throat. Nosebleeds. Laboured breathing. Further see Ingestion.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Burns. Corneal damage.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Diarrhoea. Vomiting.

Cough. Sore throat. Nosebleeds. Laboured breathing. Further see Ingestion.

Redness. Pain. Burning sensation.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of December 8, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=111-30-8]

Glutaraldehyde was detected at mean emission factors of 0.13 and 0.06 mg/kg fuel burned in the emissions from light-duty vehicles measured in a San Francisco Bay area highway tunnel bore during the summers of 2001 and 2006, respectively(1). Glutaraldehyde was not detected in samples taken in 1999. The mean glutaraldehyde emission factor for medium- and heavy-duty diesel trucks measured in 2006 in a separate mixed-traffic bore of the tunnel was 0.55 mg/kg fuel burned(1). Glutaraldehyde concentrations of 170-3700 ug/L were detected in pharmaceutical wastewater effluents from Rouen, France(2).

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

Chemical: Pentanedial；Specific Information Requirement: Obligations to provide information apply. These obligations are:；1. If the assessment report about the chemical recommends secondary notification of the chemical in particular circumstances and any of the circumstances occur in relation to the introduction (importation or manufacture) of the chemical by a person, then the person introducing this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days that the circumstances have occurred.；2. A person who introduces this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days if they become aware of any of the following circumstances, namely, that since the assessment under the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989:；a. the function or use of the chemical has changed, or is likely to change, significantly;；b. the amount of the chemical being introduced has increased, or is likely to increase, significantly;；c. in the case of a chemical not manufactured, or proposed to be manufactured, in Australia at the time of the assessment—it has begun to be manufactured in Australia;；d. the method of manufacture of the chemical in Australia has changed, or is likely to change, in a way that may result in an increased risk of an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environment;；e. additional information has become available to the person as to an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environment.

Hazard Traits - Respiratory Toxicity；Authoritative List - EC Annex VI Resp. Sens. - Cat. 1; OEHHA RELs；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

Pentanedial is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Pentanedial are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 19-04-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1930；Status: Active Update: 24-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23371

Substance: glutaral；EC: 203-856-5；Date of inclusion: >08-Jul-2021；Reason for inclusion: Respiratory sensitising properties (Article 57(f) - human health)

Microcapsules for flavoring substances. Microcapsules maybe safely used for encapsulating discrete particles of flavoring substances that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use or are regulated under this part, in accordance with the following conditions: ... Component: glutaraldehyde; Limitation: as cross-linking agent for insolubilizing a coacervate of gum arabic and gelatin.

Glutaraldehyde is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/30/91; Reporting date: 11/27/91.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Pentanedial is included on this list. Effective date 9/30/91; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary, occupational, drinking water, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient glutaraldehyde. Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient glutaraldehyde, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of glutaraldehyde to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that glutaraldehyde-containing products are eligible for reregistration provided that: (i) confirmatory data needs are addressed; (ii) the risk mitigation measures outlined in this document are adopted; and (iii) label amendments are made to reflect these measures. ... Based on its evaluation of glutaraldehyde, the Agency has determined that glutaraldehyde products, unless labeled and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA. Accordingly, should a registrant fail to implement the risk mitigation measures identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from the use of glutaraldehyde. If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, then all current risks for glutaraldehyde will be substantially mitigated for the purposes of this determination. Once an Endangered Species assessment is completed, further changes to these registrations may be necessary as explained in Section III of this document.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Glutaraldehyde is found on List B. Case No: 2315; Pesticide type: fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Glutaraldhyde; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/10/91, 07/15/92, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

The elimination times were long for both intravenous injection (t0.5 for the rat 10 hr, rabbit 15-30 hr) and dermal application (t0.5 for the rat 40-110 hr, rabbit 20-100 hr), possibly due to the binding of glutaraldehyde to protein and the slow excretion of metabolites.

Glutaraldehyde is either metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase to yield an acid or inactivated by a reaction with sulphydryl groups using glutathione.

... In the intravenous injection tests, approx 12% was absorbed in the rat and approx 33% in the rabbit ... The principal metabolite in both species was CO2 with other metabolites not identified. /It was/ proposed that the metabolism probably involved initial oxidation to corresponding carboxylic acids by aldehyde dehydrogenase, and then further oxidation to CO2.

... The probable major metabolic pathway /is considered to be/ initial oxidation to the corresponding mono- or dicarboxylic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase and then further oxidation of the acidic intermediate to carbon dioxide.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley&apos;s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.

Glutaraldehyde is readily absorbed by oral, iv, and inhalation routes. It is absorbed dermally to a lesser extent.

In rats, glutaraldehyde is eliminated in the urine and expired gases.

Dermal and intravenous studies in the rat with dilute aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions (0.075-7.5%) showed that, in dermal tests, approx 5% was absorbed in the rat, and 30-50% in the rabbit. In the intravenous injection tests, approx 12% was absorbed in the rat and approx 33% in the rabbit. There were no significant differences between males and females in the study. The dermal absorption rate constant was low (0.2-2 hr) in each species. The elimination times were long for both intravenous injection (t0.5 for the rat 10 hr, rabbit 15-30 hr) and dermal application (t0.5 for the rat 40-110 hr, rabbit 20-100 hr), possibly due to the binding of glutaraldehyde to protein and the slow excretion of metabolites. The principal metabolite in both species was CO2 with other metabolites not identified. /It was/ proposed that the metabolism probably involved initial oxidation to corresponding carboxylic acids by aldehyde dehydrogenase, and then further oxidation to CO2.

In vitro studies using human skin tissue showed that glutaraldehyde did not penetrate the thick skin of the sole, but 3-14% penetrated the stratum corneum of the chest and abdomen and 3-4% penetrated the epidermis.

Material balance and pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with rats & rabbits including iv or topical dosing with [14C]glutaraldehyde. Intravenous dosing resulted in radiochemical recovery from 86% to 101%. Principal route of recovery was as CO2 at 22% to 80% of the administered dose (7%-28% urinary, 0.2%-5% feces). Epicutaneous dosing resutled in radiochemical recovery primarily in the skin at the site of application (31%-61%) with no consistent accumulation in any other tissue. Rabbits absorbed 33% to 53% of the epicutaneously administered dose & rats absorbed 4.1% to 8.7%. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated percutaneous radiochemical absorption of 0.3% to 2.1% for rats & 2.5% to 15.6% for rabbits under conservative study conditions that are likely to overestimate potential human exposure conditions.

CIR ingredient: Glutaral

Glutaraldehyde is used in hospitals and medical and dental offices in solutions for cold sterilization and automatic processing of x-rays. [Marks, p. 146-7] Used as a tissue fixative in histology and microscopy, chemical intermediate, embalming fluid, biocide (cosmetics, water treatment, oilfield, and fish farming applications), disinfectant, cross-linking agent, leather tanning agent, gelatine hardening agent, and keratolytic; [HSDB] Used as an antimicrobial agent in agricultural, food handling, commercial, industrial, residential, public, and medical environments; Also used as materials preservative (cleansers, adhesives, paper, water based coatings, latex paints, inks, dyes, concrete admixtures, and reverse osmosis membranes) and in industrial processes and water systems treatment (recirculating and waste-water water systems, drilling muds, oil and gas storage systems, paper mills, and metalworking fluids); [Reference #1]

Metal Machining [Category: Heat or Machine]；Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]；Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]；Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]；Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]；Sterilizing Equipment [Category: Clean]；Sewer and Wastewater Treatment [Category: Industry]；Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]；Photographic Processing [Category: Other]；Farming (Respiratory Hazards) [Category: Industry]

For glutaraldehyde (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 043901) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Microscopy/histology. Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in histology and electron and light microscopy, generally as a 1.5-6% aqueous solution. Aquaculture. Glutaraldehyde is used, generally in conjunction with wetting agents, to control viruses and other micro-organisms in fish farming. Cosmetics. Glutaraldehyde is allowed as a preservative in cosmetics in Europe at concentrations up to 0.1%. It is not allowed in aerosols and sprays.

Embalming fluid

2023: 50,000,000 - <100,000,000 lb；2022: 70,000,000 - <85,000,000 lb；2021: 85,000,000 - <100,000,000 lb；2020: 70,000,000 - <85,000,000 lb

(1974) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

(1976) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

Pentanedial is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#2529]

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for Glutaraldehyde (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In Australia, it is estimated that glutaraldehyde is distributed in end-use as follows: 55% as a cold disinfectant in the health care industry, 20% in x-ray film processing, 10% in water treatment, 5% in animal housing, 5% in tanning and 5% in other uses such as toilet disinfection, microscopy, aquaculture and air duct disinfection. In France, 50% is used in disinfection/control, 40% in the photographic industry, 5% in the leather industry and 5% in the paper industry. In Norway, 80% is used in industrial cleaning agents and 14% in photocopying developers. In the UK, glutaraldehyde is used mainly as a cold disinfectant and as a biocide in off-shore oil operations.

Glutardialdehyde is produced by gas-phase oxidation of cyclopentene or by Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein with methyl vinyl ether. The latter yields 3,4-dihydro-2-methoxy-2H-pyran, acidic hydrolysis of which leads to glutardialdehyde. ... In both cases the dialdehyde is recovered from the reaction mixture by multistage extraction with water.

The 1:1 Diels-Alder adduct of acrolein and vinyl alkyl ether is hydrolyzed yielding glutaraldehyde and alkanol.

The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 24 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical glutaraldehyde. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent glutaraldehyde in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field.

Ucarcide 25 (Dow Chemical Company, The): Active ingredient: glutaraldehyde 25.0%.

Ucarsan Sanitizer 420 (Dow Chemical Company, The): Active ingredient: glutaraldehyde 20.0%.

Ucarcide 225 Antimicrobial (Dow Chemical Company, The): Active ingredient: glutaraldehyde 25.0%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Glutaraldehyde (68 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cosmetics product ingredient: Glutaraldehyde (Glutaral)；Product count: 2

Information on 34 consumer products that contain Glutaraldehyde in the following categories is provided:；• Auto Products；• Commercial / Institutional；• Inside the Home

Cosmetics -> Preservative

Fungicides, Antimicrobials, Bactericides

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing；Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing；Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing；Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities；Paint and Coating Manufacturing；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Pentanedial: ACTIVE

Cost and lack of stability are important drawbacks to its use.

...Superior to formaldehyde as sterilizing agent. ... /As 2% alkaline soln in 70% isopropanol/...period of 10 hr is necessary to sterilize dried spores. ... Acidic /glutaraldehyde/ soln kills dried spores in 20 min ...

Each year, an estimated 35,000 wells are hydraulically-fractured in the U.S. Although the oil and gas extraction industry as a whole has a relatively higher fatality rate compared to most of the U.S. general industry... there is currently no worker injury/illness or fatality data publicly available for hydraulic fracturing or flowback operations. Regardless of the availability of data, more workers are potentially exposed to the hazards created by hydraulic fracturing and flowback operations due to the large increase in the number of these operations in the past decade. /Hydraulic fracturing/