Dehydroepiandrosterone

DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Steroids

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

3.23

3.23

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

DHEA

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Pharmaceuticals

140-141 °C

140 - 141 °C

166 Ų [M+H-H2O]+ [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]

169.58 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

Danger

H302 (11.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P260, P261, P263, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 159 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Status: Active Update: 26-08-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13358

Dehydroisoandosterone: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Drug-Induced Liver Injury Severity and Toxicity (DILIst)

Dehydroepiandrosterone

DILI Positive

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.022

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QG - Genito urinary system and sex hormones

DHEA is naturally produced from cholesterol through two cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone by the enzyme P450 scc (side chain cleavage); then another enzyme, CYP17A1, converts pregnenolone to 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone and then to DHEA. DHEA is increased by exercise and calorie restriction. Some theorize that the increase in endogenous DHEA brought about by calorie restriction is partially responsible for the longer life expectancy known to be associated with calorie restriction.

DHEA can be understood as a prohormone for the sex steroids. DHEAS may be viewed as buffer and reservoir. As most DHEA is produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex, it is argued that there is a role in the immune and stress response. DHEAS/DHEA are useful to detect excess adrenal activity as seen in adrenal cancer or hyperplasia, including certain forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia as it is produced nearly entirely by the adrenal glands. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have elevated levels of DHEAS.

Hepatic. As shown by their high conversion ratios (in a study involving cynomolgus monkeys), the major circulating metabolites of DHEA are DHEA-S, androsterone glucuronide, and androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol-glucuronide. [PMID: 12970301]

Dehydroisoandrosterone has known human metabolites that include Dehydroisoandrosterone 3-glucuronide, 3,7-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one, and 3,16-Dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.