벤조트리클로라이드

log Kow= 2.92

2.92

1.3756 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3756 AT 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.4

1.3756

1.3723 @ 20°C

Dynamic viscosity = 2.40 mPa.s @ 20 °C

1.7 mm²/s at 20 °C

CLEAR, COLORLESS TO YELLOWISH LIQUID

OILY LIQUID

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

... Soluble in ... diethyl ether ... .

Water solubility = 53 mg/L at 5 °C

Solubility in water: reaction

260 °F (EPA, 1998)

260 °F (127 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

> 247 °C (Cleveland open cup)

108 °C c.c.

260 °F

429.4 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

220.8 °C AT 760 MM HG; 129 °C AT 60 MM HG; 105 °C AT 25 MM HG

221 °C

429.4 °F

221 °C @760 [mm Hg]

23 °F (EPA, 1998)

-5.0 °C

-5 °C

23 °F

-4.42 °C

6.77 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

6.77 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.8

6.77

1 to 10 mmHg at 114.44 to 189.68 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.2 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure = 1.35 mm Hg @ 50 °C; 5.4 mm Hg @ 75 °C

Vapor pressure = 0.4137 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 20

1-10 mmHg at 114.44-189.68 °F

Danger

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]；H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Dermatotoxicity; Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Neurotoxicity; Respiratory Toxicity；Authoritative List - CA TACs; EC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1B; IARC Carcinogens - 2A; IRIS Carcinogens - B2; NTP RoC - reasonable; Prop 65；Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the product

Status: Active Update: 23-01-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/2060

Benzylidyne trichloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This material may react violently with water. Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Flammable/poisonous gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars. Materials may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.). Produces toxic and corrosive fumes when it reacts with water or steam. Similar to hydrochloric acid; material will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Hydrolyzes in presence of water forming benzoic and hydrochloric acids. (EPA, 1998)

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.；· Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.；· When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.；· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).；· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.；· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.；· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Toxic by inhalation; fumes are highly irritating to skin and mucous membranes. May cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small quantities. A suspected carcinogen. (EPA, 1998)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.；· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.；· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.；· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

Benzotrichloride is used extensively in the dye industry and as an intermediate in the chemical industry. Acute (short-term) exposure to the vapors of benzotrichloride are highly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. In mice and rats chronically (long-term) exposed by inhalation, proliferative lesions of the respiratory tract have been observed. Human data on the carcinogenic effects of benzotrichloride are inadequate. Increased incidences of tumors at multiple sites have been observed in female mice treated orally, dermally, and by inhalation. EPA has classified benzotrichloride as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.

Exposure of mice and rats to 12.5 ppm for 2 hours causes CNS excitation, eye and respiratory tract irritation, and slowed respiration. Critical Effects are irritation; cancer. [ACGIH] Reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid; A skin and eye irritant; In inhalation studies, 5/6 rats die after exposure of 125 ppm for 4 hours; [CHEMINFO] Burns skin, corrosive to eyes, and risk of lung edema after inhalation; [ICSC] In high-dose feeding studies of animals, mild histological changes in the liver occur. [HSDB]

See Benzal chloride, Benzyl chloride, 4-Chlorobenzotrichloride, and Benzotrifluoride.

Mutsushita H; Sangyo Igaku (5): 13-19 (1981). Benzotrichloride poisoning and health monitoring are presented.

USEPA; Chemical Hazard Information Profile: Benzotrichloride (Draft) (1982)

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Benzotrichloride (98-07-7) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s021benz.pdf]

U023; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when benzotrichloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used.；Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after the fire is out. (EPA, 1998)

Use dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.；· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.；· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.；· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；Small Spill；· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.；· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Warning: Benzotrichloride is a strong irritant. Direct contact may result in severe dermal or corneal burns.；Signs and Symptoms of Benzotrichloride Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to benzotrichloride may include strong irritation or burning of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It may cause esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation if ingested.；Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to benzotrichloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.；Inhalation Exposure:；1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to benzotrichloride.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.；4. Rush to a health care facility.；Dermal/Eye Exposure:；1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to benzotrichloride.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.；4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.；5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.；6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.；7. Rush to a health care facility.；Ingestion Exposure:；1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support to all victims.；2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!；3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

WATER OR FOAM MAY CAUSE FROTHING

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Keep containers closed. Store in dry, cool, dark place.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U023, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Incineration with flammable solvent added in incinerator with afterburner and alkaline scrubber.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for BENZOTRICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) > 100 mg/l /test media: chlorine free tap water, saturated with oxygen, pH 7.6-7.7, temp 20-22 °C, hardness 16 deg (German)/

LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus (golden orfe) 4,140 mg/l/48 hr /Static bioassay/

LC100 Lueciscus idus melanotus (golden orfe) 8,280 mg/l/48 hr /Static bioassay/

Toxic threshold concn Pseudomonas purida (bacterium) > 100 mg/l/16 hr /25 °C in bi-distilled water; additional conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BENZOTRICHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The ultraviolet adsorption spectrum for benzotrichloride in methanol solution shows virtually no absorption above 290 nm(1), therefore direct photolysis on soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes quickly in the presence of moisture forming benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). The hydrolysis rate constant at 25 °C and pH 7 is reported to be 0.063 1/sec(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 11 sec(SRC). The hydrolysis rate constant at 5.10 °C was found to be 0.00387 per sec(4), which corresponds to a half-life of 3.0 minutes(SRC). Therefore, leaching, volatilization from moist soil, and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes quickly in the presence of water forming benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(1). The hydrolysis rate constant at 25 °C and pH 7 is reported to be 0.063 1/sec(2), which corresponds to a half-life of 11 sec(SRC). The hydrolysis rate constant at 5.10 °C was found to be 0.00387 per sec(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 3.0 minutes(SRC). Therefore, volatilization, bioconcentration, adsorption to sediment, and photolysis are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Limited biodegradation data are available to determine the rate or importance of biodegradation of benzotrichloride in water(SRC); however, using a modified OECD-Screening-Test, DOC removal with benzotrichloride was 95-97% after 3 days(4). However, because of the rapid hydrolysis rate, this biodegradation study is probably for benzoic acid, the hydrolysis product of benzotrichloride(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), an experimental vapor pressure of 0.4137 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) indicates that benzotrichloride will exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzotrichloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 45 days(3,SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to occur in the troposphere due to lack of UV absorption above 290nm(7). Due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(4-6), it may hydrolyze in the atmosphere when contacted with moisture(SRC).

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin；Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.；Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.；Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.；IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.；NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.；ACGIH Carcinogen - Suspected Human.

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

Cough. Sore throat.

Benzotrichloride

Respiratory

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc of benzotrichloride is estimated as approximately 1200(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that benzotrichloride has slight mobility in soil(SRC). Due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(3-5), leaching in moist soils should not be significant due to its degradation to benzoic and hydrochloric acid(SRC).

The mutagenicity of benzotrichloride was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100 and Saccharomyces strain D4 with and without metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. The test article was not mutagenic at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 10 ul/plate in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, while cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5 and 10 ul/plate was reported in all test strains.

The absorption and excretion of 14C-benzotrichloride (BTC) was studied in groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (3/group) exposed by gavage to a single doses of BTC. Groups of females were exposed to average concentrations of 0, 42.5, 40.4, 45.0, 43.0 or 46.0 mg/kg and sacrificed 8, 24, 24, 48, or 72 hrs after dosing, respectively. Groups of males were exposed to average concentrations of 0 or 39.9 mg/kg and sacrificed 72 hrs after dosing. BTC was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and efficiently eliminated in the urine (90%) and feces (10%) in 48 hrs. Radioactivity (as BTC equivalents) in the blood peaked at 6.5 ppm by 4 hrs after dosing and then steadily decreased to 2.6 ppm by 24 hrs. The elimination half-life of 14C in the blood was 22 hr. Total radiocarbon residue in tissues was approximately 1.5% of the dose after 72 hrs with fat, liver, and kidneys containing the highest residue levels. The pharmacokinetics of BTC appeared to follow a one-compartment open model system. BTC was rapidly distributed in the body and then eliminated in the urine following apparent first order kinetics. BTC was rapidly metabolized, apparently being hydrolyzed to benzoic acid which was then conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid (> 90% of radiocarbon in urine). Small amounts of benzoic acid (0.7%) and phenylacetic acid (0.8%), as well as 4 unidentified metabolites (5.5%) were also found in the urine.

Corrosive to skin, mucous membranes.

The effects of occupational exposure to a mixture of chlorinated toluenes on mortality were studied in 953 organic chemical factory workers. Mortality of 163 exposed employees was compared with that in 790 who were not exposed by first using the rates of mortality for England and Wales and then by using regression models in life tables. Cumulative exposure, age at start of employment in the factory, and age at death were considered. Compared with mortality rates in England and Wales, exposed workers had significantly elevated standard mortality ratios for all causes and all cancers, while the regression models indicated that an increased risk of cancer mortality was found for exposed workers who had first been employed before 1951. Cancers among the exposed employees concerned the mouth and throat, digestive system, respiratory system, genitourinary system, and lymphatic hemopoietic tissue. Although exposures were to several chlorinated toluenes, results from this study and previous studies indicates that benzotrichloride was the most likely carcinogen. /It was concluded/ that there is an increased risk of mortality from cancer among the workers, increased risk of mortality from cancer among the workers, especially those employed before 1951, who were exposed to chlorinated toluenes.

Six cases of respiratory cancer have been reported among benzoyl chloride production workers in two small plants, who were also potentially exposed to benzotrichloride. The cases occurred in young workers, three of whom were nonsmokers.

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Dermatotoxicity; Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Neurotoxicity; Respiratory Toxicity；Authoritative List - CA TACs; EC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1B; IARC Carcinogens - 2A; IRIS Carcinogens - B2; NTP RoC - reasonable; Prop 65；Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the product

Status: Active Update: 23-01-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/2060

Benzylidyne trichloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

U023; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when benzotrichloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzotrichloride is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Benzotrichloride is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Benzotrichloride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 lbs.

... Assuming that the metabolism of benzotrichloride is similar to that of toluene, the investigators postulated that benzotrichloride is eliminated in the urine as hippuric acid, and proceeded to measure the background level of hippuric acid in a group of 10 untreated white rats. After noting that the normal hippuric acid content of the urine was 14-20 mg (no per volume or per weight measure as given), these same white rats were exposed to daily benzotrichloride vapors of 0.03 mg/1, 2 hours a day for 20 days. After the 20th day, the hippuric acid level in the urine of certain individuals reached 47 mg. ... One of the initial conversion products is sodium benzoic acid, which is converted to hippuric acid, and that metabolites other than hippuric may also be formed.

The mutagenic metabolite of benzotrichloride (benzotrichloride itself is not mutagenic or only slightly so) was postulated to be certain intermediate(s) between benzotrichloride and its final metabolite, benzoic acid.

Benzotrichloride is used extensively in the dye industry. Benzotrichloride is also used in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride, chlorinated toluenes, and benzotrifluoride and as a dyestuff intermediate.

Used as a chemical intermediate; [ACGIH]

CHEM INTERMEDIATE FOR BENZOYL CHLORIDE, DYES-EG, VAT YELLOW 2 & BASIC GREEN 4, BENZOTRIFLUORIDE (PESTICIDE & DRUG INTERMEDIATE), 4-ALKOXY-2-HYDROXYBENZOPHENONE UV STABILIZER, ION-EXCHANGE RESINS (FORMER USE) & BENZOIC ACID. (FORMER USE)

In organic syntheses (source of benzenyl group).

... Benzotrichloride is used to make benzotrifluoride, hydroxybenzophone, pharmaceuticals, and antimicrobial agents.

... Used extensively as an intermediate.

COMMERCIAL GRADES MAY CONTAIN HYDROCHLORIC ACID, BENZYLIDENE CHLORIDE, & BENZYL CHLORIDE.

Chlorotoluenes, chlorobenzyl chlorides, benzal chloride, chlorobenzal chlorides, and chlorobenzotrichlorides.

(1978) 7.98X10+7 G (PRINCIPAL CUSTOMS DISTRICTS)

(1983) 39,595 lb

(1986) 363,433 lb

The major part of benzotrichloride production is used in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride ... . Less amt are consumed in the manufacture of benzotrifluoride, as a dyestuff intermediate, and in producing hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet light stabilizers ... .

/IT IS/ PRODUCED BY CHLORINATION OF BOILING TOLUENE IN PRESENCE OF LIGHT AND OF 2% PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE.

/Produced by/ a process of chlorinating toluene in a series of cascade reactors exposed to mercury dip lamps to provide continuous production of benzotrichloride with less than or equal to 0.2% benzal chloride in the final product.

Grades: Refined, liquid

Technical (>95%), pure (>98%).

Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-: ACTIVE

Benzene, trichloromethyl-: INACTIVE

PURIFICATION PROCEDURES: HOLLEMAN, DEMOOY, REC TRAV CHIM 33, 25, 33 (1914); BRITTON, USA PATENT 1,804,458 (1931 TO DOW); CHEM ZENTR 1931, II, 497.

Method of purification: Rectification.