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Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Chlorosilanes

Corrosives

1.326 at 64.4 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.321 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.321 @ 20°C

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, carbon disulfide

Soluble in benzene, ether, perchloroethylene

196 °F (EPA, 1998)

196 °F (91 °C) (open cup)

395 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

201 °C

201 °C @760 [mm Hg]

The silanes decomp at elevated temp to liberate hydrogen and deposit a high purity silicon, which leads to some of the principal uses of silanes. /Silanes/

Hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases may form; both are toxic and irritating.

When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

The silanes decomp at elevated temp to liberate hydrogen and deposit a high purity silicon, which leads to some of the principal uses of silanes. /Silanes/

7.36 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

7.36 (AIR= 1)

15.0 [mmHg]

0.426 mm Hg at 25 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.8% (1 of 119) of reports.

Danger

H312 (76.5%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 119 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

Chemical: Silane, trichlorophenyl-

Benzene, (trichlorosilyl)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzene, (trichlorosilyl)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 16-09-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14161

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Do not get water inside containers. Vapors may travel to ignition source and flash back. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Flammable/combustible material; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Emits toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition. Do not mix with halogenated compounds, because a trace quantity of free halogen may cause violent explosion. May react violently with water. Readily hydrolyzed in water/moisture, producing hydrochloric acid. Avoid mixing with water or exposing to moisture. (EPA, 1998)

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

Self-ignites in air. With a little ammonia, it forms a self-igniting product.

Trichlorosilane is highly flammable. /Trichlorosilane/

Highly toxic; may cause death or permanent injury after short inhalation exposure to small quantity. Chemical burns to all exposed membranes and tissues with severe tissue destruction. Inhalation -- lungs may fill up with fluid or throat may swell causing suffocation. Eyes -- damage to corneas may cause blindness. Delayed: after oral exposure stomach and intestines may perforate or be obstructed by scar tissue. (EPA, 1998)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

A strong tissue irritant; [Hawley] Produces hydrogen chloride when spilled in water; [ERG 2016] Reacts violently with water producing gaseous hydrogen chloride; A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation -- lungs may fill up with fluid or throat may swell causing suffocation. [CAMEO] Reacts with water; A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; [MSDSonline]

European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Trichloro(phenyl)silane (98-13-5) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of February 2, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

USEPA; Chemical Profile: Trichlorophenylsilane (1985). Aspects covered in this data sheet: exposure limitations; personal protective equipment; fire hazards; fire fighting; disposal; first aid; spills.

Full protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus, coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands around legs, arms, and waist should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Warning: Trichlorophenylsilane releases hydrochloric acid on contact with moisture and is extremely corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. Caustion is advised.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

If material on fire or involved in fire: use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide; do not use water on material itself; if large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog; use water spray to knock down vapors; cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water; apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles.

Do not use water or hydrous agents. Full protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus, coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands around legs, arms, and waist should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. Do not get water inside containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

SRP: Operations involving entry into tanks or closed vessels, and emergency situations, require consideration of potentially oxygen deficient, or "immediately dangerous to life and health" IDLH environments. This may necessitate use of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or a positive pressure supplied air respirator.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from water at temperatures below 50 °C. Phenyl trichlorosilane can give off corrosive hydrogen chloride gas on contact with water, stream, or moisture. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where phenyl trichlorosilane is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

All containers, pipes, apparatus, installations, and structures used for manufacture, storage, transport, or use of these substances must be of material resistant to corrosive substances or be protected by suitable coatings ... All containers or receptacles should be clearly labelled to indicate their contents and should bear the danger symbol for corrosives. /Corrosive substances/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away; keep material out of water sources and sewers; build dikes to contain flow as necessary; use water spray to knock down vapors; do not use water on material itself; neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Phenyltrichlorosilane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

When spilled in water

When spilled in water

AQUATIC FATE: In water, chlorosilanes are hydrolyzed rapidly, releasing hydrochloric acid. /Chlorosilane/

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: In the trophosphere, the ultimate fate of chlorosilane is probably determined by hydrolysis of the silicon-chlorine bonds in water droplets. /Chlorosilanes/

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: In arid regions, some transport of chlorosilanes to the stratosphere might occur. In the stratosphere, photolysis by short wavelength light is expected. /Chlorosilanes/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Higher exposure can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with dimethyldichlorosilane, irritation, pain, swelling, corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermatitis (red, inflamed skin), severe burns, pain, and shock generally follow dermal exposure. Inhalation irritates mucous membranes. Severe gastrointestinal damage may occur. Vapors cause severe eye and lung injury. Upon short contact, second and third degree burns may occur. Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of dimethyldichlorosilane may be severe and include increased salivation, intense thirst, difficulty swallowing, chills, pain, and shock. Oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. /Dimethyldichlorosilane/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation irritates mucous membranes. Contact with liq causes severe burns of eyes and skin ... Vapors cause severe irritation of eyes and throat and can cause eye and lung injury. They cannot be tolerated even at low concn. Causes second- and third-degree burns on short contact ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes severe eye and skin burns. Serious health hazard. May be harmful if inhaled. Irritating to eye, skin, and respiratory system. /Dimethylchlorosilane/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Eye contact may damage the corneas and cause blindness. Inhalation may cause throat to swell causing suffocation, and may cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Highly toxic; may cause death or permanent injury after short inhalation exposure to small quantity. Chemical burns to all exposed membranes and tissues with severe tissue destruction. Delayed - after oral exposure stomach and intestines may perforate to be obstructed by scar tissue. Ingestion may cause mild to moderately severe oral and esophageal burns, with severe burns occurring in stomach. Perforations and peritonitis may occur. Severe irritation may produce spontaneous vomiting. Viscid white or blood-stained foamy mucus and threads of tissue may appear in mouth. Long Term Exposure: Many highly irritating substances can cause lung damage; bronchitis may develop.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Phenyltrichlorosilane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxicity of trichlorophenylsilane is low in rats treated by stomach tube (oral LD50 2390 mg/kg bw), moderate in rabbits treated dermally (24-hour LD50 0.89 mL (1166 mg)/kg body weight), and high in mice exposed by inhalation (2-hour LC50 0.33 mg/L) or by intravenous injection (LD50 100 mg/kg bw). The mice exposed to low vapor concentrations (0.12 - 0.3 mg/L) showed signs of mucosal irritation (breathlessness, asphyxia, cyanosis) as well as agitated motor activity, convulsions, spreading of hind limbs), and those that died displayed various changes in the lungs, liver and brain.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an inhalation hazard test, 6 male albino rats survived exposure to the concentrated vapor for 8 hours.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Application of the liquid to the skin or eyes of rabbits produces corrosion, and the vapor is also irritating to the eyes of mice and rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Various chlorosilanes, such as Me3SiCl, Me2SiCl2, MeSiCl3, and HSiCl3, were tested in a single dose repeated inhalation study against a positive control exposed to hydrochloric acid. No clinical signs of toxicity were noted which were treatment related. The conclusion of the study showed no difference between gaseous HCl and the chlorosilanes in question at the levels used (30 and 34 ppm).

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Phenyltrichlorosilane (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Silane compounds decompose upon contact with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride. Silane ignites spontaneously in air(1,2). With a little ammonia, it forms a self-igniting product(1). /Chlorosilanes/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for phenyltrichlorosilane is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Chlorosilane compounds' production and use as intermediates for silicone products may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. However, these compounds decompose to release hydrogen chloride upon contact with water or steam. Therefore, volatilization, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important environmental fate processes. /Chlorosilanes/ (SRC)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal (refer to ingestion protocol in Section Three ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and related compounds/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Trichlorophenylsilane is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

Phenyltrichlorosilane

A Commercial Grade

A Placarded Amount

Chemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials.

Used as monomer for polymers in water repellents, electrical insulating resins, and heat-resistant resins for paints; Also used to make silicones; [HSDB]

Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water [Category: Other]

Used to make silicones for water repellents, insulating resins, heat resistant paints ...

Intermediate for silicones; laboratory reagent

2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb

(1972) Probably > 4.54X10+5 g

(1975) > 9.08X10+5 g

Silane, trichlorophenyl- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#2769]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Benzene, (trichlorosilyl)-. Aggreated National Production Volume: 10 to <50 million lbs.

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Benzene, (trichlorosilyl)-: ACTIVE