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100 μM NADPH and 25 μl of cell supernatant (reaction volume; 50 μl) were incubated at 37° C. for 30 min. After the reaction, 5 μl of the reaction solution was subjected to thin layer chromatography (Silica gel 60F254; Merck, Germany) and developed with a mixed solution of ethanol and 1 M ammonium acetate (5:1, v/v). Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity was determined by measuring the sum of dihydrofluorouracil and 2-fluoro-β-alanine dissociated from [6-14C] 5-FU with a liquid scintillation counter. Drugs used: UFT, TS-1 and capecitabine were synthesized by Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 5′-DFUR was purchased from Roche Japan. [6-14C]-5-FU (1.85 GBq/mmol) was purchased from Moravek Biochemicals, Inc. (Brea, Calif., USA).