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An eight inch pelletizer was charged with 300 g of a carbon black with a CTAB surface are of 350 m2 /g and a DBPA of 120 mL/100 g and 66.1 g of sulfanilic acid. The pelletizer was run at 100 rpm for one minute. A solution at 65° C. of deionized water (228.5 g) and NaNO2 (26.9 g) was added and the pelletizer was run for one minute at 600 rpm. An additional five grams of water was added, and the pelletizer was run for a further minute at 600 rpm. 4-Sulfobenzenediazonium hydroxide inner salt was formed in situ, and it reacted with the carbon black. A sample of the product was dried, extracted overnight with methanol in a Soxhlet extractor, dried and analyzed for sulfur. The product had 2.96 μmol/m2 of attached p-C6H4SO3-Na+ groups.

1. waitthe pelletizer was run for one minute at 600 rpm