反应详情

A mixture of 1300 g of ethyl 4-(3-cyanopropyl)-6-heptenoate, 6397 ml of acetonitrile, 3190 ml of triethylamine and 920.9 g of 3-bromopyridine is degassed and then heated to reflux. Palladium(II)acetate catalyst (13 g) and 36.42 g of tri-o-tolylphosphine are added and the mixture is heated under reflux overnight. Additional catalyst (13 g) is added and the mixture is again heated under reflux for 7 h. Further catalyst (6.5 g) is again added and the reaction mixture is again heated under reflux overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled, diluted with 6 l of methylene chloride, and evaporated to dryness. The residue is partitioned between ether and water. The ether layer is separated and the aqueous layer is extracted two more times with ether. The combined ether extracts are extracted with 2×8 l of 1N hydrochloric acid. The acid extract is cooled and made basic with 1200 ml of conc. aqueous ammonia to pH 10, and extracted with ether (3×8 l). The ether extract is dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness to yield ethyl 4-(3-cyanopropyl)-7-(3-pyridyl)-6-heptenoate.

1. customis degassed
2. temperatureheated to reflux
3. additionPalladium(II)acetate catalyst (13 g) and 36.42 g of tri-o-tolylphosphine are added
4. temperaturethe mixture is heated
5. temperatureunder reflux overnight
6. additionAdditional catalyst (13 g) is added
7. temperaturethe mixture is again heated
8. temperatureunder reflux for 7 h
9. additionFurther catalyst (6.5 g) is again added
10. temperaturethe reaction mixture is again heated
11. temperatureunder reflux overnight
12. temperatureThe reaction mixture is cooled
13. additiondiluted with 6 l of methylene chloride
14. customevaporated to dryness
15. customThe residue is partitioned between ether and water
16. customThe ether layer is separated
17. extractionthe aqueous layer is extracted two more times with ether
18. extractionThe combined ether extracts are extracted with 2×8 l of 1N hydrochloric acid
19. extractionThe acid extract
20. temperatureis cooled
21. extractionextracted with ether (3×8 l)
22. extractionThe ether extract
23. dry with materialis dried over sodium sulfate
24. customevaporated to dryness