Butanal

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

Use foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.

Flammable liquid. Forms explosive peroxides. Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective but should be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

On contact with air butyraldehyde is oxidized readily to the butyric acids. Therefore, storage under inert gas is mandatory.

Store in cool, dry, well ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing materials, amines, strong alkalies, acids, and other reactive hazards. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. Bulk storage should be blanketed with inert gas.

Outside or detached storage is preferred. ...Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored ina manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

Contaminated wastewaters containing butyraldehyde are produced during the MFR of poly(vinyl butyral) and poly(vinyl formal ethylal). On tha basis of lab tests, a scheme for treating wastewater is recommended. After neutralization with sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide, the organic fraction is distilled from the wastewater and incinerated.

Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Environmental considerations water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for butyraldehyde: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

Butyraldehyde is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 15000 cells/mL, UTEX 1648); Conditions: static, 24 °C, dissolved oxygen 1-2 mg/L; Concentration: 23560 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 15000 cells/mL, UTEX 1648); Conditions: static, 24 °C, dissolved oxygen 1-2 mg/L; Concentration: 1480 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased photosynthesis

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green algae order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 380000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or =24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: 340000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 72(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butyraldehyde is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of butyraldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Butyraldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 111 mm Hg(5). A theoretical BOD of 100% in 2 weeks using an activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6), suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Under anaerobic conditions, butanal underwent 99% degradation (7 day lag period) using the Hungate serum bottle technique(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 72(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butyraldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). The rate constant for the reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in water and butyraldehyde is 3.9X10+9 L/mole-sec(5); at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 mole/L of hydroxyl radicals(6), the half-life would be about 206 days(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A theoretical BOD of 100% in 2 weeks using an activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(9), suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).Under anaerobic conditions, butanal underwent 99% degradation (7 day lag period) using the Hungate serum bottle technique(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), butyraldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 111 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase butyraldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 16 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.35X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of butyraldehyde with nitrate radical has been experimentally determined to be 1.15X10-14 cu cm/sec(4), which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.9 days(SRC). Butyraldehyde absorbs solar radiation (> 290 nm); direct photooxidation products include carbon monoxide, ethene, ethanal and carbon dioxide(5).

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=123-72-8]

A butyraldehyde concentration of 42 ppb was detected in an aqueous effluent from a coal gasification facility in Morgantown, WV(1). Butyraldehyde emission rates of 0.01-0.90 g/kg wood have been detected in emissions from fireplaces burning jack pine and red oak wood(2). Butyraldehyde was detected in 2 of 63 effluents (concn < 100 ppb) collected from chemical manufacturing plants across the US(3). The emission rate of butyraldehyde from particle board/carpet degassing is 0.047 mg/sq m-hr(4). Butyraldehyde was released as fireplace emissions at 80.22 and 22.48 mg/kg of fuel burnt for soft and hard wood, respectively(5). Butyraldehyde was found in emissions from a wood stove using hardwood at 36.49 mg/kg and using synthetic fuel at 9.06 mg/kg(5).

Butyraldehyde was identified, not quantified, in rush hour traffic air samples taken at the Oakland-San Francisco Bay Bridge toll plaza 4/23/2001, 5-7 pm, 4/24/2001, 6-10 am, and 3-7 pm(1). The emission rate of butyraldehyde in the gas-phase from medium duty diesel trucks is 1300 ug/km driven(2). Butyraldehyde was found in highway tunnels in Tuscarora; light duty trucks emitted 0.062 mg/km traveled or 0.916 mg/L fuel used, heavy duty trucks emitted 0.220 mg/km traveled or 0.693 mg/L fuel used(3). Butyraldehyde concentrations from automobile exhaust were 2.2-49 ppbv in models from 1971, 1975 and 1977(4). Butyraldehyde emissions from a two stroke engine (chainsaw) using aliphatic gasoline, regular gasoline, and ethanol were 0.045-0.077, 0.038-0.052, and 0.016-0.038 g/kWh, respectively(5). Using the same two stroke engine, emissions of butyraldehyde from aliphatic gasoline mixed with ethanol at 15, 50, and 85% were 0.045-0.076, 0.036-0.066, and 0.025-0.052 g/kWh, respectively, and regular gasoline mixed with ethanol at 15, 50, and 85% were 0.041-0.058, 0.037-0.073, and 0.026-0.052 g/kWh, respectively(5). Butyraldehyde emissions from an automobile running on Swedish environmental classified diesel fuel were 2.9 mg/km and the same automobile running on European program emissions fuel were 3.4 mg/km(6).

Butyraldehyde/isobutyraldehyde was measured in the emissions of gasoline powered motor vehicles at a rate of 370 ug/km and 31,000 ug/km for catalyst equipped engines and non-catalyst equipped engines(1). Butyraldehyde/isobutyraldehyde was given off six new vehicle interiors at an average of 19 ug/hr in new vehicles, 7.2 ug/hr in 20 day old vehicles and 7.2 ug/hr in 40 day old vehicles(2). Butyraldehyde/isobutyraldehyde was measured in the emissions of burnt wood at 96, 62, and 31 mg/kg of pine, oak, and eucalyptus, respectively(3).

Butyraldehyde is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Butyraldehyde is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. ??Chemical?? is included on this list. Effective date 12/16/88; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. n-Butyraldehyde is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.