Cyclohexylamine

Nitrogen Compounds -> Amines, Cyclic

Corrosives

log Kow = 1.49

1.49

1.4

1.49

0.8647 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8647 @ 25 °C/25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.86

0.87

0.8647 @25 °C

0.87

Danger

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H226 (90.4%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Cyclohexanamine

Cyclohexanamine is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Cyclohexanamine are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 24-08-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13348

Cyclohexanamine: HSNO Approval: HSR001532 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes. Vapor may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion. Nitric acid; reacts vigorously with oxiding materials. Stable, avoid physical damage, storage with oxidizing material. (EPA, 1998)

· Flammable/combustible material.

Flammable. Above 28 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

FLAMMABLE LIQUID...

Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

This is classified as very toxic -- probable oral lethal dose is 50-500 mg/kg or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. It is considered a nerve poison. This is a weak methemoglobin-forming substance. (EPA, 1998)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested.

Cyclohexylamine has moderate skin sensitizing potential and is a weak methemoglobin inducer. Listed in the table Examples of Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is NOT the Principal Cause of Toxicity; [ACGIH] Merck Index # 2729; Causes second and third degree burns after short skin exposure; [CHRIS] Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] Corrosive to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects; [ICSC] No apparent effects in workers exposed to 4-10 ppm; Inhalation of high concentrations could cause pulmonary edema; A 25% solution produced severe irritation of the skin in humans; May cause permanent eye injury; Transient visual effects (blue haze or halo vision) occur at low concentrations; [CHEMINFO]

2357 132

2357 132

Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Use dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide; water may be ineffective. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Stay away from ends of tanks. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. (EPA, 1998)

Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Warning: Cyclohexylamine is an alkaline-corrosive agent. Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels. Caution is advised.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

2.0 [ppm]

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Eliminate all ignition sources. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Reproductive

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 150(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexylamine as the free base is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 10.6(4) indicates that the protonated form of cyclohexylamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of cyclohexylamine from moist soil surfaces is not an important fate process since the cation will not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of cyclohexylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation is expected to occur in soils based on standard biodegradability tests conducted with activated sludge and sewage inocula(6-8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 150(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexylamine as the free base is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa value of 10.6(4) indicates that the protonated form of cyclohexylamine will be the predominant species in water and cations generally adsorb more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from water surfaces is not an important fate process(SRC) since the protonated form will not volatilize. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation is expected to occur in aquatic environments based on standard biodegradability tests conducted with activated sludge and sewage inocula(7-9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclohexylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclohexylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Dizziness. Abdominal cramps. Burning sensation. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse. Nausea.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane, respiratory system; eye, skin burns; skin sensitization; cough, pulmonary edema; drowsiness, dizziness; diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

Cyclohexylamine was detected, not quantified, in the leachate of 2 low-level radioactive disposal facilities located in Maxey Flats, Kentucky and West Valley, New York(1). Effluent from a tire manufacturing plant contained cyclohexylamine at approximately 0.01 ppm(2).

Cyclohexylamine

Reproductive

2 x 10 ^-1 mg/kg-day

The Koc of cyclohexylamine is estimated as 150(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.49(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclohexylamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of cyclohexylamine is 10.6(4), indicating that the protonated form will be the predominant species in moist soils and cations are expected to adsorb strongly to soil surfaces.

Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute dermal toxicity in solitary male and female New Zealand albino rabbits alternately administered single undiluted dermal applications of 398, 631, 1000, and 1580 mg/kg bodyweight for 24 hours. Clinical signs were observed at all dose levels and included reduced appetite and activity, increasing weakness and collapse. The 1000 mg/kg male and the 1580 mg/kg female both died within 16 hours of treatment, while solitary male and female rabbits of the 398 and 631 mg/kg doses, respectively, saw resolution of all pharmacotoxic signs within 5-7 days. Upon necropsy, the high dose study lethalities were found with lung and liver hyperemia, dark spleen and kidneys, and enlarged gall bladder, while the viscera of the male and female surviving 14-day post-treatment observation appeared normal.

Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in 6 male Sprague-Dawley albino rats exposed in a 35 L inhalation chamber to an atmospheric concentration of 13.7 mg/L for 6 hours. During the exposure, rats exhibited nasal and ocular discharge, labored breathing, roughened fur and lethargy. Reduced appetite and activity lasted for one day after treatment. Post-treatment responses were primarily marked by ocular signs of toxicity including near blindness due to corneal cloudiness for 2-6 days. Two of 6 rats had complete loss of sight with corneal blistering upon the final 14th day observation, while all other (4/6) rats were cleared of any clinical signs of toxicity. Upon terminal necropsy on Day 14, all viscera appeared normal.

Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in groups of 10 female Swiss-Webster mice administered single peroral doses of 5.0, 6.0, 6.5, 7.5, and 10.0 cc/kg bodyweight (1:10 in 0.5% methylcellulose). Study mortality was comprised of 1/10, 2/10, 4/10, 6/10, and 8/10 of successive incremental dosage groups, respectively, consistent with a LD50 of 730 mg/kg (95% C.L. = 640-830). Death occurred from 1/4 to 2 hours after treatment. Clinical signs of a systemic toxicity included hypokinesis, dyspnea, hyperpnea, diarrhea, diuresis, ptosis, piloerection, salivation, lacrimation, occult blood in urine and feces, cyanosis, somnolence, cachexia, weight loss, and hyperkinesis, random biting and chewing, ataxia, jerking, tremors, opisthotonos, irritability, limb abduction, paralysis, tail erection, hypothermia, clonic convulsions, tonic convulsions, increased and/or decreased muscle tone. Treatment was also associated with vocalization, tissue irritation to necrosis, writhing, self-decimation, and quiet death.

Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in groups of 10 female Swiss-Webster mice administered single peroral cyclohexylamine.HCl (10% solution in 0.5% methylcellulose) at doses of 400, 500, 600, 750, 850, 1250, and 1500 mg/kg. Treatment was associated with mortality in 0/10, 3/10, 6/10, 8/10, 9/10, 9/10, and 10/10 of successive incremental dosage groups, respectively, consistent with a LD50 of 530 mg/kg (95% C.L. 441-637). At doses of 400 mg/kg, mice exhibited clinical signs of toxicity including increased activity, increased respiration, tail erection, salivation, irritability, jerking, clonic convulsions, and death at 1-18 hours following treatment.

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXYLAMINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cyclohexylamine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Cyclohexylamine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10,000 lbs.

Cyclohexylamine

1

15000

Toxic chemical that can be released at a facility.

Cyclohexylamine showed dose dependent kinetics after administration of single oral doses of 35, 200 or 500 mg/kg in mice, with a reduction in plasma clearance from 61 to 53 ml/min/kg, an increase in apparent half-life from 1.4 to 3.5 hr, and an increased area under the testicular concentration vs time curve. During chronic dietary administration the concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes showed little diurna variation. The steady state plasma clearance was 65 ml/min/kg. The concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes of the mice showed a linear relationship to dietary intake, even at the highest intake, about 900 mg/kg/day.

ALLEGED CARCINOGENICITY OF.../SODIUM CYCLAMATE/ WHEN CHRONICALLY FED (IN ADMIXTURE WITH SACCHARIN) AT HIGH DOSE LEVELS TO RATS COULD BE CAUSED BY N-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXYLAMINE THAT HAS BEEN REPORTED TO BE PRODUCED IN SMALL QUANTITIES IN RABBITS DOSED WITH CYCLOHEXYLAMINE, WHICH IS METABOLITE FORMED FROM.../SODIUM CYCLAMATE/.

FEEDING 0.2 G/KG TO RABBITS GAVE UNCHANGED CYCLOHEXYLAMINE AND N-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXYLAMINE IN URINE. ISOTOPE DILUTION ASSAYS AFTER (14)C-LABELED COMPD GAVE 45% UNCONJUGATED CYCLOHEXYLAMINE, 0.2% UNCONJUGATED N-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXYLAMINE, 2.5% CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME.

...AN 8-YEAR FEEDING STUDY WITH CYCLAMATE (200 MG/KG, 6 DAYS/WEEK) IN RHESUS MONKEYS PRODUCED NO ABNORMAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE LIVER, KIDNEYS, BLADDER, AND TESTES. MOST OF THE CYCLAMATE WAS EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN THE URINE, BUT CYCLOHEXYLAMINE WAS TRANSFORMED IN TURN INTO CYCLOHEXANONE AND CYCLOHEXANOL TO THE EXTENT OF 1-2% OF THE DOSE. /CYCLAMATE/

CYCLOHEXYLAMINE WAS DEAMINATED TO CYCLOHEXANONE BY RABBIT LIVER MICROSOMES IN THE PRESENCE OF NADPH & MOLECULAR OXYGEN. CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME WAS ALSO IDENTIFIED FROM THE INCUBATION MIXTURE.

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXYLAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IV INFUSION OF (14)C-SODIUM CYCLAMATE & (14)C-CYCLOHEXYLAMINE INTO PREGNANT RHESUS MONKEYS SHOWED THAT WHILE TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER OF (14)C-SODIUM CYCLAMATE WAS LIMITED, THE AMINE READILY CROSSED THE PLACENTA SINCE FETAL & MATERNAL BLOOD LEVELS OF (14)C WERE SIMILAR.

WHEN RABBITS FED (14)C-LABELED COMPOUND, 68% OF RADIOACTIVITY WAS RECOVERED FROM URINE IN 60 HR, ONLY 0.5% ELIMINATED IN BREATH.

Cyclohexylamine showed dose dependent kinetics after administration of single oral doses of 35, 200, or 500 mg/kg in rats, with a reduction in plasma clearance from 37 to 24 ml/min/kg, an increase in apparent half-life from 11.8 to 12 hr, and an increased area under the testicular concentration vs time curve. Saturation of cyclohexylamine uptake by rat renal cortical slices in vitro and of renal tubular secretion in vivo occurred at concentrations and doses comparable to the oral dose studies. Cyclohexylamine clearance from a 10 mg/kg infusion was 2.58 + or - 1.13 ml/min and from a 200 mg/kg infusion, 2.49 + or - 1.65 ml/min. The cyclohexylamine to inulin clearance ratios were 2 at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 1.23 at a dose of 200 mg/kg. During chronic dietary administration the concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes showed a pronounced diurnal variation in rats, reaching a peak concentration at the end of the dark cycle at 6 AM (6.3 + or - 1.5 ug/ml in plasma an 45.7 + or - 3.4 ug/g in testes). The lowest concentrations of cyclohexylamine were at 9 PM (1.5 + of - 0.5 ug/ml in plasma and 10.9 + or - 3.6 ug/g in testes). The steady state plasma clearance was 33 ml/min/kg. The concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes of rats showed a nonlinear relationship to dietary intake. Elevated concentrations were found at intake greater than 200 mg/kg/day.

Generally, cyclohexylamine, is readily absorbed & rapidly excreted from the body. After admin to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concn in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, GI tract & kidneys.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used to inhibit corrosion in boiler feed water and to manufacture insecticides, plasticizers, dry-cleaning soaps, rubber chemicals, dye stuffs, and gas absorbents. [ACGIH]

In org synthesis; mfr insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, acid gas absorbents

Boiler water treatment, rubber accelerator, intermediate in organic synthesis

(1978) 2.54X10+8 G

(1982) 7.40X10+8 G

CHEMICAL PROFILE: About 500,00 pounds

2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb

(1978) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 6.81X10+6 G

(1982) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+6 G

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Cyclohexylamine. Demand: 1986: 9.2 million lb; 1987: 9.4 million lb; 991 /projected/: 10.4 million lb.

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Cyclohexylamine. Demand: 1989: 13 million lb; 1990 /projected/: 13.4 million lb; 1994 /projected/: 14.5 million lb. (Includes exports of 3.5 million lb, but not imports which amounted to about 2 million lb last year.)

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXYLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CORROSION INHIBITOR IN BOILER WATER TREATMENT, 60%; CHEM INT FOR RUBBER-PROCESSING CHEMS, 25%; OTHER USES (EG, CORROSION INHIBITOR IN OIL FIELD APPLICATIONS), 15% (1982)

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Cyclohexylamine. Boiler water treatment, 70%; rubber chemicals, 17%; chain terminator, 6%; miscellaneous, including oilfield corrosion inhibitors, photographic chemicals, catalysts, intermediates and metal extraction, 7%.

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Cyclohexylamine. Boiler water treatment, 60%; rubber chemicals, 12%; nylon chain terminator, 10%; agricultural chemicals, 10%; miscellaneous (including oilfield corrosion inhibitors, photographic chemicals, catalysts, intermediates, metal extraction and exports), 8%.

Boiler water treatment, 55 percent; rubber chemicals, 30 percent; miscellaneous, 15 percent.

Prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures. Fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.

REACTION OF AMMONIA & CYCLOHEXANOL AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE IN THE PRESENCE OF A SILICA-ALUMINA CATALYST

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Cyclohexanamine: ACTIVE