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실리콘 카바이드

Silicon carbide

HCID 9863
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기본 정보개요이름 및 식별자물성안전 및 규제화학 및 산업관련 반응화합물 노트
부분 구조 검색유사 구조 찾기

기본 정보

CAS
409-21-2
표준 SMILES
[C-]#[Si+]
InChIKey
HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
분자식
CSi
평균 분자량
40.096 g/mol
단동위원소 질량
39.97692653

개요

Silicon carbide appears as yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700 °C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron.

이름 및 식별자

우선 이름
Silicon carbide
IUPAC
methanidylidynesilanylium
현지명
실리콘 카바이드
영어명
Silicon carbide
분자식
CSi
분자량
40.1

이름 및 동의어

SILICON CARBIDE409-21-2CarborundumSilicon monocarbideCrystarBetarundumCarborundeumTokawhiskerCarbolonNicalonSilundumSilicon carbide (SiC)
이름 더 보기
탄화규소실리콘카바이드실리콘카바이드실리콘쿼터늄-2실리콘 카바이드SiCBLACK SILICON CARBIDEnanopowderSimaxcarboniteBOILING CHIPSSilicon carbidSILICON CARBIDE BLACKua1
Carbon silicideGreen densicCarbofrax MBetarundum UFAnnanox CKBetarundum ST-SCrystolon 37Crystolon 39

데이터베이스 식별자

CAS
409-21-2
PubChem CID
9863
DTXSID
DTXSID5052751
ChEBI
CHEBI:29390
EC Number
206-991-8
Nikkaji
J1.627.380E

물성

구조 계산 물성보충 중

극성 표면적
0 Ų
수소 결합 공여자 수
0
수소 결합 수용자 수
1
회전 가능 결합 수
0
무거운 원자 수
2
형식 전하
0
복잡도
10

실험 및 물리화학적 성질

Chemical ClassesMineral Dusts -> Other Mineral Dusts
SpringerMaterials Propertiesvalence band parameter
Density · 6건

3.23 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

3.23

3.2 g/cm³

3.23

3.16 @25 °C

3.23

Color/Form · 3건

EXCEEDINGLY HARD, GREEN TO BLUISH-BLACK, IRIDESCENT, SHARP CRYSTALS

HEXAGONAL OR CUBIC

Yellow to green to bluish black, iridescent crystals.

Solubility · 5건

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

INSOL IN COLD WATER, HOT WATER, & ACID; SOL IN FUSED POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

INSOL IN ALCOHOL; SOL IN MOLTEN IRON

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

Boiling Point · 3건

Sublimes (NIOSH, 2024)

sublimes

Sublimes

Melting Point · 5건

4892 °F (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024)

2600 °C

4892 °F (sublimes)

2830 °C

4892 °F (Sublimes)

Vapor Pressure · 3건

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

안전 및 규제

안전 정보는 참고용이며, 공급업체의 물질안전보건자료(SDS), 관련 법규 및 전문가 평가를 대체하지 않습니다.

GHS 분류

GHS Classification · 6건

Danger

H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 70.3% (740 of 1053) of all reports.

Danger

H350i (16.6%): May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

유해성 정보

Regulatory Information · 6건

Chemical: Silicon carbide (SiC)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Silicon carbide (SiC) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Silicon carbide (SiC) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

REACH registered substance: Silicon carbide (EC: 206-991-8)

Silicon carbide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Silicon carbide (SiC): Environment tier I assessment
Fire HazardsNot combustible.
Fire PotentialNONCOMBUSTIBLE
Health HazardsExcerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Silicon carbide:
Hazards Summary · 1건

Production workers loading and unloading furnaces are exposed to carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, crystalline silica, and fibrous and nonfibrous silicon carbide particles. [Rom, p. 534-5] Workers in production and manufacturing, e.g., abrasive products industry, are exposed to varying quantities of fibers (or whiskers) that have dimensions similar to amphibole asbestos fibers. Nonfibrous particles have low to very low toxic effects on lung tissue. Silicon carbide fibers, on the other hand, can cause lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and possibly mesothelioma. Silicon carbide fibers should be counted and controlled in the same manner as asbestos fibers. [ACGIH] Occupational exposures associated with the Acheson process are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Fibrous silicon carbide is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). Silicon carbide whiskers are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). [IARC Vol. 111] See the agent, Acheson process, occupational exposure.

화학 및 산업

약리 정보

MeSH Pharmacological ClassificationSynthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

용도 및 제조

Uses · 5건

Used as an abrasive and refractory material; Produced in furnaces containing petroleum coke and crystalline silica at a temperature of >2200 degrees C for 36 hours; [ACGIH]

Abrasive Blasting [Category: Clean]

Polishing glass, granite; smoothing bisque ware; in sharpening stones; abrasive;manufacture /of/ porcelain, "emery" paper and wheels, shoe soles, refractory brick, furnace linings; antiskid pavements; in semiconductor technology.

COMPONENT OF TREADS & BRAKE LININGS; COMPONENT OF HEATING ELEMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL FURNACES; FIBERS IN MATERIALS TO RESIST HIGH RE-ENTRY TEMPS & ROCKET NOZZLE COMPOSITES; COMPONENT OF THERMISTORS & VARISTORS; STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN NUCLEAR REACTORS; DEOXIDANT IN FERROUS METALLURGY.

Abrasive for cutting and grinding metals, grinding wheels, refractory in non-ferrous metallurgy, ceramic industry and boiler furnaces, composite tubes for steam reforming operations. Fibrous form used in filament-wound structures and heat-resistant, high-strength composites.

U.S. Exports · 2건

(1972) 4.5X10+9 GRAMS

(1975) 5.79X10+8 GRAMS

U.S. Imports · 2건

(1972) 9.7X10+10 GRAMS (CRUDE & REFINED)

(1975) 7.73X10+10 GRAMS (CRUDE)

U.S. Production · 3건

2023: 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lb

(1972) 1.49X10+11 GRAMS (CRUDE)

(1975) 1.22X10+11 GRAMS (CRUDE)

Consumer UsesOther
Industry UsesAlloys
Methods of Manufacturing · 2건

관련 반응

17건
반응 기록 만들기
HRID 31564 반응식
HRID 31564반응물로uspto-grants-2008_09
HRID 366986 반응식
HRID 366986생성물로반응물로uspto-grants-2000_10
HRID 475325 반응식
HRID 475325반응물로uspto-grants-2014_01
HRID 741541 반응식
HRID 741541반응물로uspto-grants-1996_09
HRID 741542 반응식
HRID 741542반응물로uspto-grants-1996_09
HRID 939119 반응식
HRID 939119반응물로Validation data from https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04228D
HRID 986632 반응식
HRID 986632반응물로uspto-grants-1987_12
HRID 986633 반응식
HRID 986633반응물로uspto-grants-1987_12
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새 노트새 반응견적 요청하기

0 mmHg (approx)

0 mmHg (approx)

Refractive IndexINDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.654; 2.697
Ionization Potential · 2건

9.30 eV

9.30 eV

Physical Description · 6건

Silicon carbide appears as yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700 °C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron.

Dry Powder; Wet Solid; CBI; Large Crystals; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Liquid

Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals; [NIOSH]

YELLOW-TO-GREEN-TO-BLUE-TO-BLACK CRYSTALS, DEPENDING ON PURITY.

Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals.

Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals.

Other Experimental Properties · 3건

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT: 7.0; HARDNESS: 9.5; ELECTRON MOBILITY: GREATER THAN 100 SQ CM/VOLT-SEC; HOLE MOBILITY: GREATER THAN 20 SQ CM/VOLT-SEC; BAND GAP ENERGY: 2.8 ELECTRON-VOLTS

SUBLIMES WITH DECOMPOSITION AT 2700 °C

EXCELLENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE; RESISTS OXIDATION AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES

물리화학적 성질

녹는점
2700 °C · 2700 °C (lit.)
밀도
3.22 g/mL · 3.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
굴절률
2.65 · 2.6500
용해도
용융된 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨 및 용융된 철에 용해됩니다.
물리적 상태
나노분말
색상
녹색
Specific Gravity
3.22 · 3.22
수용성
용융 알칼리(NaOH, KOH) 및 용융 철에 용해됩니다. 물에 불용성.
비열
0.67 J/ · Cp(crystal): 0.67 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck
14 · 14,8492
안정성
안정
화장품 원료 기능
연마제
InChI
1S/CSi/c1-2
InChIKey
HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
[C-]#[Si+]
Modulus of Elasticity
459 · 459 - 476 GPa
Knoop Microhardness
3000 · 3000, at 25°C
Poissons Ratio
0.14 · 0.14, sintered
Shear Modulus
180 GPa, · 180 GPa, Calculated
NIST
Silicon monocarbide(409-21-2)
EPA
Silicon carbide (409-21-2)

화학적 성질

Silicon carbide is a yellow to green to bluishblack, iridescent crystalline substance. Colorless when pure.

Reactive GroupNitrides, Phosphides, Carbides, and Silicides
EPA Safer ChemicalChemical: Silicon carbide
OSHA Standards · 4건

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Total dust/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Respirable fraction/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Total/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Resp/

Reactivity ProfileSILICON CARBIDE is non-combustible. Generally unreactive. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and in molten iron.
Flammable LimitsNoncombustible Solid
Air and Water ReactionsNo rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

안전 및 보호

Fire FightingIn case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
First Aid Measures · 2건

Fresh air, rest.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

First Aid · 2건

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Silicon carbide:

(General first aid procedures)

Exposure Control and Personal Protection · 1건

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Cleanup MethodsWASTE SOLN CONTAINING HEAVY METALS & SILICON CARBIDE FROM METAL PLATING ARE MIXED WITH NONIONIC MATERIALS SUCH AS DIATOMACEOUS EARTH & A FLOCCULANT TO PPT SI CARBIDE. SUPERNATANT LIQ AFTER REMOVING PPT IS SAND-FILTERED & ION-EXCHANGED.
Spillage DisposalPersonal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
Eye PreventionWear safety goggles.
Inhalation RiskA nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.
Ingestion PreventionDo not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Inhalation PreventionAvoid inhalation of dust.
Respirator RecommendationsImportant additional information about respirator selection
Threshold Limit Values (TLV) · 6건

10.0 [mg/m3], (inhalable particulate matter), 3 mg/m3 (respirable fraction) [nonfibrous forms], 0.1 respirable fibers/cc [fibrous forms]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /Nonfibrous silicon carbide; inhalable fraction; particulate matter containing no asbestos & <1% crystalline silica/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Nonfibrous and fibrous (incl whiskers) forms of silicon carbide/

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 3 mg/cu m. /Nonfibrous silicon carbide; respirable fraction; particulate matter containing no asbestos & <1% crystalline silica/

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 fibers/cc. /Respirable fibers: length > 5 um; aspect ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, as determined by the membrane filter method at 400-450X magnification (4-mm objective), using phase-contrast illumination; fibrous forms of silicon carbide (incl whiskers)/

A2; Suspected human carcinogen. /fibrous forms of silicon carbide (incl whiskers)/

독성 정보

Target OrgansEyes, skin, respiratory system
Adverse EffectsFibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).
Exposure Routesinhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Signs and Symptoms · 3건

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; cough

Human Toxicity Excerpts · 5건

SLIGHT RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES /OCCURRED/ IN 10 OF 32 WORKERS EXPOSED ... TO SILICON CARBIDE. MOST ... HAD WORKED FOR 15 YR OR MORE IN DUSTY ATMOSPHERES WITH AVG DUST COUNT OF 1200 PARTICLES/CC (34 MPPCF) & AVG PARTICLE DIAMETER OF 1 MICRON. ALL CASES WERE TUBERCULIN POS. THOSE PRESENTING PULMONARY CHANGES HAD ... SLIGHT RESP SYMPTOMS.

ACUTE LOCAL: INHALATION 1; IRRITANT 1. CHRONIC LOCAL: INHALATION 1. 1= SLIGHT: CAUSES READILY REVERSIBLE CHANGES WHICH DISAPPEAR AFTER END OF EXPOSURE.

Nuisance particulate (accumulation in lungs).

Silicon carbide can alter the course of inhalation tuberculosis leading to extensive fibrosis and progressive disease.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SILICON CARBIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Carcinogen Classification · 5건

Silicon carbide whiskers

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 111: (2017) Some Nanomaterials and Some Fibres

2017

2014

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts · 2건

SILICON CARBIDE PRODUCED NO FIBROSIS OF LUNGS IN NORMAL EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS, BUT PROFOUNDLY ALTERED THE COURSE OF INHALATION TUBERCULOSIS, LEADING TO EXTENSIVE FIBROSIS & PROGRESSIVE DISEASE. ... INERT REACTION RESULTED WHEN SILICON CARBIDE WAS INJECTED IP IN GUINEA PIGS.

WOUNDING MOUSE SKIN BY STRIPPING WITH SILICON CARBIDE PAPER LED TO MARKED INDUCTION OF ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY. ACTIVITY WAS MAX BETWEEN 20 & 26 HR AFTER WOUNDING, WITH SECONDARY RISE @ 72 HR.

Evidence for CarcinogenicityA2; Suspected human carcinogen. /fibrous forms of silicon carbide (incl whiskers)/
Probable Routes of Human ExposureA NUISANCE PARTICULATE.

안전 데이터

OEB
B
OEL
TWA: 10 mg/m3 (total)
wgk
3
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
VW0450000
HS 번호
28492000
risk_code
36/37/38
hazard_code
Xi
safety_code
26-36
기존화학 물질
KE-31031
스토리지 클래스
11 - Combustible Solids
유해 물질 데이터
409-21-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
중점관리물질 필터링
별표1-84
암, 돌연변이성물질 필터링
339

REACTION OF SILICA SAND AND COKE OR ANTHRACITE COAL AT HIGH TEMPERATURES.

MADE BY HEATING COKE & SAND (& SALT AS FLUX) IN ELECTRIC FURNACE.

Use Classification · 2건

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

General Manufacturing Information · 4건

Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)

Silicon carbide (SiC): ACTIVE

AVAILABLE FORMS: POWDER; FILAMENT; WHISKERS (3 MILLION PSI); SINGLE CRYSTALS.

LIQ WASTE OF NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING CALCINED, PARTICLES OVERCOATED BY ALPHA-SILICON CARBIDE, GRAPHITE & FORMALDEHYDE-PHENOL RESIN, PRESSED, CARBONIZED & SINTERED FORMING BETA-SILICON CARBIDE MATRIX ENCLOSING WASTE.

응용 분야 · 3건

개요Silicon carbide is a hard covalently bonded material predominantly produced by the carbothermal reduction of silica. Silicon carbide is made by heating silica sand and petroleum coke packed around electrodes in an electric resistance furnace to above 2200°C. Depending on the exact reaction conditions the resulting silicon carbide is either a fine powder or a bonded mass that requires crushing and milling to produce a usable feedstock. This material is very resistant to abrasion and to corrosion with a molten slag. It also has excellent resistance to thermal spalling. However as it is a carbide, it will oxidise readily, silicon carbide has a fairly high conductivity. Several hundred structures of silicon carbide (polytypes) have been identified which have different stacking arrangements for the silicon and carbon atoms. The simplest structure is a diamond structure which is designated /3-SiC. Other structures are either hexagonal or rhombic and are referred to as a-SiC.

용도Silicon carbide is widely used as an abrasive in grinding and cutting glasses; in polishing glass and sharpening stones. It is used in the manufacture of porcelain, refractory brick, furnace linings, and emery paper. The compound also is used in semiconductor technology.

일반 설명Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700°C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron.

제조 방법 · 3건

생산 방법Silicon carbide, also known by the trade name Carborundum, has been manufactured and used as an abrasive material for more than a century. It combines desirable properties of hardness and thermal resistance. It is produced by heating high-grade silica sand with finely ground carbon at 2400°C in an electric furnace. In its powdered or granular form, it has been used as the abrasive material in “paper and wheels.” It is used as an abrasive in sandblasting and engraving. It has been incorporated into ceramics and glass and especially into refractory ceramic materials.

Silicon carbide is prepared by fusing a mixture of silica (sand) and carbon (coke) with some salt and saw dust in an electric arc furnace at 3000°C. SiO2(Sand)+3C(Coke)--(3000℃)--Sic+2CO Salt and saw dust is added to infuse air into the product so that it can be broken into pieces easily. The product obtained is first washed with strong acid followed by strong base to remove basic and acidic impurities respectively. Finally, it is washed with water.

생산 방법SiC was synthesized at the end of the 18th century with the name carborundum, and it was used as abrasive. In 1920 in Russia, O.V. Losev discovered two types of SiC from electro-luminescence and named them Type I and Type II. The electro-luminescence of Type I is greenish blue colored and that of Type II changes from orange to violet via yellow and green as the voltage increases from 6 to 28 V. The pure crystal is nominally obtained as 6H (a-II) SiC and the crystals with impurity are obtained as 15R and 4H. a-SiC (6H, 15R) is mainly synthesized using the sublimation method by heating the mixture of coke and silica sands at 2000℃ in the electrical furnace. SiC is segregated by cooling after melting Si in the carbon crucible.

상·하류 제품 정보

상류 원료

황화 수소아르곤silicon carbide fiber일산화탄소(가스)Delayed petroleum coke카본블랙1,3-Bis(Chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane메틸트리클로로실란사염화실란carbosilane산화규소질화 실리콘디메틸디클로로실란해사실리카, 무정형, 흄High purity흑연, 분말

하류 제품

에틸렌옥사이드사불화메탄
추가 설명 · 1건

정의Bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in fused alkalies and molten iron. Excellent thermal conductivity, electrically conductive, resists oxida- tion at high temperatures. Noncombustible, a nui- sance particulate.