0.25 to · Sharp, irritating odor detectable at 0.25 to 10 ppm
PH
3.01 · 3.01(1 mM solution);2.04(10 mM solution);1.08(100 mM solution);
explosive limit
2 · 2-13.4% (v/v) 2-Propanol)
biological source
synthetic
Viscosity
1.7 mm2/s · 1.7mm2/s
Water Solubility
miscible
Specific Heat Capacity
0.8 J/ · Cp(gas): 0.8 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Sensitive
Air & Light Sensitive
Merck
14 · 14,4780
Henry's Law Constant
1.5 · 1.5×101 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Chen et al. (1979)
Safety & regulation
Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.
Safety data
F
3
OEL
Ceiling: 5 ppm (7 mg/m3)
wgk
2
IDLA
45 ppm (67 mg/m3)
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
MW4025000
ridadr
UN 1789 8/PG II/III (HYDROCHLORIC ACID)
hs_code
2806 10 00
Toxicity
LC50 (30 min) in mice, rats: 2142, 5666 ppm (Darmer)
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)
REACH Registrations
Active
Autoignition Temperature
425°C (2-Propanol)
Precautionary statements
P234-P390
Hazardous Substances Data
7647-01-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
Chemistry & industry
Applications · 8 items
HistoryBasilus Valentinus of Italy was first to isolate the acid and reported it under the name spiritus salis in the fifteenth century. Glauber prepared this acid by the reaction of sulfuric acid with common salt in 1648. Lavoisier proposed the name muriatic acid in 1789 after muriate, the term referring to a chlorine-containing inorganic substance. Sir Humphrey Davy proved the gas was composed of only hydrogen and chlorine in 1810. Subsequently, the gas was named hydrogen chloride. Dilute hydrochloric acid occurs in the stomachs of mammals. Gaseous hydrogen chloride occurs in trace concentrations in the atmosphere.
UsesHydrochloric acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals and has numerous applications. Both anhydrous hydrogen chloride and aqueous acid are used to produce a large number of chloride salts. The acid also is a common laboratory reagent. Some major applications of hydrochloric acid include processing of ores and extraction of metals from their minerals; in metal cleaning, particularly in steel pickling to dissolve oxide impurities; production of alumina, titanium dioxide, and other metal oxides by various hydrometallurgical processes; production of hydrogen; synthesis of chlorine dioxide; removal of heavy metal impurities from carbon black; activation of bentonite clays; etching of concrete surfaces for finishing operations; and as a catalyst in several organic reactions such as inversion of sugar, hydrolysis of starch to obtain sugar syrup, and esterification of aromatic acids. Anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas is used to produce phosphonium chloride, PH4Cl, which is a flame retardant for cotton textiles. Other major applications include manufacture of a number of high purity metal chlorides, ammonium chloride, chlorosulfuric acid; recovery of waste metals; preparation of alkyl chlorides and chloroacetic acids; and as a chlorinating agent in organic syntheses. Rubber hydrochloride, which results from the treatment of natural rubber with hydrogen chloride, can be cast in film from solutions. Such rubber hydrochloride films provide a strong, water resistant packaging material for meats and other foods, paper products, and textiles.
DescriptionA water solution of hydrogen chloride of varied concentrations. It is a clear, colorless or slightly yellowish, corrosive liquid having a pungent odor. It is miscible with water and with alcohol. Concentrations of hydrochloric acid are expressed in percent by weight, or may be expressed in Baume degrees (Be0) from which percentages of hydrochloric acid and specific gravities may readily be derived. The usually available concentrations are 18°, 20°, 22°, and 23° Be. Concentrations above 13° Be (19.6%) fume in moist air, lose hydrogen chloride, and create a corrosive atmosphere. Because of these characteristics, suitable precautions must be observed during sampling and analysis to prevent losses. Note: Hydrochloric acid is produced by various methods that might impart trace amounts of organic compounds as impurities. The manufacturer, vendor, or user is responsible for identifying the specific organic compounds that are present and for meeting the requirements for organic compounds. Methods are provided for their determination. In applying the procedures any necessary standards should be used to quantitate the organic compounds present in each specific product.
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)
HistoryHydrochloric acid is a strong, corrosive acid that results when the gas hydrogen chloride dissolves in water.Ancient alchemists prepared hydrochloric acid and Jabbar ibn Hayyan, known in Latin as Geber (721–815), is credited with its discovery around the year 800. The original method of preparation involved reacting salt with sulfuric acid, producing sodium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas. The hydrogen chloride gas is captured and dissolved in water to produce hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid was formerly called muriatic acid. Terms such as muriatic and muriate were used in association with chloride substances before the discovery and nature of chlorine were fully understood. The Latin term muriaticus means pickled from muri, which is the Latin term for brine. Chlorides were naturally associated with seawater salt solutions, as chloride is the principal ion in seawater.
UsesPickling is a metal treatment process used to prepare metal surfaces for subsequent processing such as galvanizing or extrusion. In the iron industry, pickling involves immersing iron and steel products in vats of diluted hydrochloric acid. This removes oxides, dirt, and grease. Oil well acidizing involves injecting hydrochloric acid down well holes to dissolve limestone and carbonate formations. This expands existing fissures and creates new fissures to open channels for oil extraction.Hydrochloric acid is also used extensively in pharmaceuticals and the food industry. When it is listed after a drug name, the drug was produced by combining a free base and hydrochloric acid to produce a hydrochloride salt. Drugs delivered as hydrochloride salts rather than free bases are more soluble in water than free forms of the drugs, tend to be more stable, are solids, and are often more compatible with the chemistry of the digestive system. In the food industry it is used in the production of gelatin and sodium glutamate, to convert cornstarch to syrup, to refine sugar, and as an acidulant.
UsesHydrochloric acid is one of the most widely used acids and a common laboratory reagent. It is used in the manufacture of chlorides, in the pickling and cleaning of metal products, as a processing agent for manufacturing various food products, as a cleaning agent, in organic synthesis, and for neutralizing alkalies.Hydrogen chloride is a fire-effluent gas.Firefighters are frequently exposed to significant concentrations of HCl (Brandt-Raufet al. 1988). Large amounts of HCl arereleased from the oxidative thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-derivedfiberglass, cotton, and jute brattices in mines.At 250°C (482°F) its concentration is foundto be >5 ppm (De Rosa and Litton 1986).The gas is absorbed by water droplets,entrapped in soot particles, causing risk ofexposure of the acid to the eyes, throat,and lungs of mine workers. Stack emissionsof HCl can result from burning plastic-richwastes (e.g., hospital wastes) (Powell 1987).Emissions of 1.0–1.6 g HCl/kg waste havebeen reported (Allen et al. 1986)..
UsesHydrochloric Acid is an acid that is the aqueous solution of hydro- gen chloride of varying concentrations. it is miscible with water and with alcohol. it is used as an acidulant and neutralizing agent.
UsesIn the production of chlorides; refining ore in the production of tin and tantalum; for the neutralization of basic systems; as laboratory reagent; hydrolyzing of starch and proteins in the preparation of various food products; pickling and cleaning of metal products; as catalyst and solvent in organic syntheses. Also used for oil- and gas-well treament and in removing scale from boilers and heat-exchange equipment. Pharmaceutic aid (acidifier).
DefinitionChEBI: A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
DefinitionA colorless fuming liquid made by adding hydrogen chloride to water: HCl(g) + H2O1. → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Dissociation into ions is extensive and hydrochloric acid shows the typical properties of a strong acid. It reacts with carbonates to give carbon dioxide and yields hydrogen when reacted with all but the most unreactive metals. Hydrochloric acid is used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and photographic materials. It is also used to pickle metals, i.e. clean the surface prior to electroplating. Hydrochloric acid donates protons with ease and is the strongest of the hydrohalic acids. The concentrated acid is oxidized to chlorine by such agents as potassium manganate(VII) and manganese( IV) oxide.
Definitionhydrogen chloride: A colourlessfuming gas, HCl; m.p. –114.8°C; b.p.–85°C. It can be prepared in the laboratoryby heating sodium chloridewith concentrated sulphuric acid(hence the former name spirits ofsalt). Industrially it is made directlyfrom the elements at high temperatureand used in the manufacture ofPVC and other chloro compounds. Itis a strong acid and dissociates fullyin solution (hydrochloric acid).
