디노르말프로필에테르

log Kow = 2.03

2.03

0.7466 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7

Soluble in alcohol, ether

In water, 4.9X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.25

70 °F (NFPA, 2010)

70 °F (21 °C) (Closed cup)

21 °C c.c.

89-91 °C

88-90 °C

-122 °C

-122 °C

3.53 (Air =1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.53

62.5 [mmHg]

62.5 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 8.33

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]；H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Chemical: Propane, 1,1'-oxybis-

Propane, 1,1'-oxybis- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propane, 1,1'-oxybis- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Propane, 1,1'-oxybis-: HSNO Approval: HSR001139 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:；HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids will float on water. (ERG, 2024)

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.；CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)；· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.；· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.；· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).；· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.；· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.；· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· Many liquids will float on water.

Flammable. Above 21 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.

A flammable liquid and dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

ONLY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF EXPLOSION-PROOF TYPE (GROUP C CLASSIFICATION) IS PERMITTED TO BE OPERATED IN ETHER AREAS. ETHER SHOULD NOT BE STORED NEAR POWERFUL OXIDIZERS OR IN AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD. /ETHERS/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:；Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

Ethers, such as DI-N-PROPYL ETHER, can act as bases. They form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. The complex between diethyl ether and boron trifluoride is an example. Ethers may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, ethers are relatively inert.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:；CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.；· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.；Large Spill；· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.；· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:；Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· Wash skin with soap and water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Cover the spilled material with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilation. Do NOT wash /spill/ away ... (Extra personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations./

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping. /Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether/

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Cover the spilled material with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dipropyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). Volatilization of dipropyl ether from dry soil surfaces is expected(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 62.5 mm Hg(4). Limited biodegradation data(5,6) suggest that dipropyl ether may be biodegraded in soil if acclimated microbial populations are present(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). Dipropyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3) based on a Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.6 hours and 4.1 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from log Kow of 2.03(6), and a regression derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Following a lag period of 13 days, dipropyl ether reached 63% of its theoretical BOD after 25 days incubation in an activated sludge aqueous screening study(8). In another activated sludge screening test dipropyl ether did not biodegrade in 240 hours(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dipropyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 62.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dipropyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and nitrate radicals(SRC); half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 21 hours and 4.9 days, respectively(3,4). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental UV spectrum(5).

Cough. Sore throat. Dizziness. Headache.

Redness. Pain. Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dipropyl ether can be estimated to be about 15(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dipropyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

AEROBIC: An activated sludge aqueous screening study found that dipropyl ether was biodegraded quickly after a 13 day lag period with a 63% theoretical biological oxygen demand being measured after 25 days incubation(1). In another activated sludge screening test dipropyl ether was not biodegraded within 240 hours(2). Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(3).

ANAEROBIC: 0% loss of dipropyl ether was observed in landfill leachate impacted aquifer slurries amended with sulfate or nitrate after 244 and 85 days incubation, respectively(1). Dipropyl ether was not biodegraded in aquifer slurries prepared from the methanogenic portion of a shallow anoxic aquifer polluted by municipal landfill leachate(2).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated for dipropyl ether(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.03(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for dipropyl ether is 2.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dipropyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is approximately 3.4 hours(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is approximately 4.1 days(SRC). Dipropyl ether's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Volatilization of dipropyl ether from dry soil surfaces is expected(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 62.5 mm Hg(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The sensory irritating response of propyl ether (PE) on respiratory rate was measured in mice. Male CF-1-mice were anesthetized and allowed to recover before exposure. In the first experiment, the irritating effect of airborn chemicals on the trigeminal nerve ends was investigated by observing for reflex induced decrease in the respiratory rate and for the characteristic respiratory patterns. In the second study, the effect on the vagus nerve was investigated by observing for reflex induced decrease in the respiratory rate and for the respiratory patterns. PE was delivered at a rate from 2,400 to 60,000 ppm in an exposure chamber. Each animal was placed in a body plethysmograph attached to the exposure chamber whereby the head protruded from the chamber. The respiratory pattern of each animal was displayed on an oscillograph. Concentration response relationships were obtained by plotting the percentage decrease in the average respiratory rate of each group; from these relationships the concentration expected to cause a 50% decrease in respiratory rate (RD50) due to sensory irritation was estimated. At a concentration of 15,000 ppm or less, the sensory irritation response disappeared after approximately 1 min. The average respiratory rate also decreased within the first minute. For the sensory irritation response the threshold and the RD50 were about 620 and 89,000 ppm, respectively; the sensory irritating concentration needed to depress the respiratory rate to 50% could not be reached with saturated vapor at 20 °C. At concentrations >15,000 ppm, the sensory irritation response disappeared within 30 sec and was replaced with patterns characteristic for pulmonary irritation or anesthesia. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The effects of propyl-ether(PE) on pulmonary irritation and anesthesia were investigated in mice. Each animal was placed in a body plethysmograph attached to the exposure chamber so that the head of the animal protruded into the chamber. The change in tidal volume was obtained from a 10 sec sample once every 1, 2, 5, or 10 min. The respiratory pattern of each animal was displayed on an oscillograph, and the average respiratory rate of each group of four mice was continuously displayed. Exposure to PE was for 30 or 240 min followed by 20 min of recovery. Changes in tidal volume were calculated from the first 10 sec in every experiment. Four mice were given pentobarbitol anesthesia ip and observed on the plethysmograph for the next 240 min; changes in tidal volume were obtained from a 10 sec sample every 10 min. The anesthetic effect of PE was revealed by observing escape activity (body movement) of the mice in the plethysmograph and observing absence of righting reflex at the end of the recovery period. Distinction between changes in respiratory rate and tidal volume due to anesthesia or pulmonary irritation was obtained by comparison of the responses at equal anesthesia concentrations caused by propyl-ether and pentobarbital. After cessation of the sensory irritation response, a mixed response due to pulmonary irritation and anesthesia appeared, resulting in a decrease in respiratory rate and tidal volume. In cannulated mice the decrease in respiratory rate was introduced more slowly. Shortly after injection of pentobarbitol, the respiratory rate decreased in a dose dependent manner; the maximum decrease was found within 10 to 60 minutes. All mice given pentobarbital lost righting reflex at 35 and 50 mg/kg. ...

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dipropyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.85X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This rate constant corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 21 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum(2). The rate constant for the reaction of dipropyl ether with nitrate radicals is 6.49X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 22 °C(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.9 days at an average atmospheric concentration of 5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(4). Dipropyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(5).

Chemical: Propane, 1,1'-oxybis-

Propane, 1,1'-oxybis- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propane, 1,1'-oxybis- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Propane, 1,1'-oxybis-: HSNO Approval: HSR001139 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Used as a solvent and chemical intermediate; [HSDB]

Propyl ether can be used for the same purposes as diethyl ether.

2023: 50,000 - <250,000 lb；2022: 250,000 - <550,000 lb；2021: 250,000 - <550,000 lb；2020: 550,000 - <1,000,000 lb

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1979) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

Di-n-propyl ether can be prepared from 1-propanol by dehydration with sulfuric acid.

Obtained by heating propyl alcohol with benzenesulfonic acid.

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Propane, 1,1'-oxybis-: ACTIVE